Is the Government doing the right thing? :: essays research papers

Is the Government doing the right thing?The statement made by Honorable Jess A. Helms seems to be pretty clear when he says that the government, instead of giving sources to save the country, is actually providing freedom for wickedness rates to increase. You can stand on the Capitol steps and almost throw a quake into neighborhoods where you cannot walk at night because of the violence that takes place nightly (Helms 1). From this statement it is possible to understand why Helms is criticizing the government politics that are only outgo money to combat violence, instead of spending money to prevent it. So as a possible solution for the violence job, Helms defends the reinstitution of the prayer in macrocosm schools. He finds support for it on three main arguments first is the fact that the government is spending huge cores of money and it is not solving the violence problem second because people agree with it and actually want it back to schools, and finally because the freed om of religion is guaranteed by the Constitution. Throughout his arguments becomes to see that instead of spending that amount of money to combat the crime, it is cheaper and better effective to use God and religion as a weapon against violence.Honorable Helms criticize the fact that since he got into US Senate a lot of money have been spent on violence combat, specially on motions described by the term crime bills after crime bills (Helms 1). He criticizes this attitude because it is not been efficient, since The United States has right now a higher crime rate than ever. we have been passing crime bill after crime bill almost since I came here in 1973. And what has been the result? (Helms 1). Helms also believes that the senators are feeling that their job is done. They think that they really took care of it (Helms 1), only if the real fact is that crime rates are still going up, what proves that their job is not even close to be done. It is time to start look for different alte rnatives to solve the problem.Seeing that all the money spent on the direct combat of crime is not working as well as expected, Helms starts to analyze a different approach to solve the problem. Seeking for the right move Helms find a possible solution on the article create by Readers Digest called Let Us Pray that defends the reinstitution of prayer classes to public schools.

Struggle and Growth in Alice Walkers Color Purple Essay -- Color Purp

Struggle and Growth in Alice Walkers The colourize Purple The Color Purple depicts the struggle and growth of Celie, an uneducated slave of the South who became a victim of racism, sexual roles, men, and social injustices, in numerous letters that she writes as a diary. Walker uses Celies uneducated grammar to help the reader perceive the pain that she thinks and feels in order to become a mature, twentieth-century woman. As Celie writes to God for guidance and strength intercommunicate that she may carry on, her letters subtly shift to be intended for her intensely knowd sister, Nettie, whom separated from Celie at an early age. Celie becomes a victim of ferocious violence as she refuses to fight back to the injustices that black men, such as her husband and father, inflict upon her, including rape, verbal abuse and physical abuse. When Shug Avery, a blues vocaliser who had an affair with Celies husband, enters the novel, Celies outlook on life gradually alters. Shugs manipul ative, potent, and independent character aids Celie in growing strong and eventually learning to love others as well as herself as they share an intimate, sexual relationship together. Shugs belief in freedom of black women urges Celie to take complete domination of her own life. afterwards years of keeping the memories of Nettie alive, Celies courageous spirit and love of Nettie and Shug lead Celie to forgiveness and reconciliation for all the pain inflicted upon her. When Nettie returns home with Celies children after experiencing a whole newly life in Africa, Celie finally is able to encounter true happiness through mental and emotional rebirth. Although Netties character remains detached for years, she serves as Celies confidante th... ...lthough Celie didnt come Netties letters till months, sometimes years, after they were written, Celie continued to confide in Nettie with her deepest emotions. Without Netties character existing in the novel, Celie would eventually give up her gaining perseverance and adjoin onto the abuse and injustices she grew up in. Nettie served as Celies emotinal and spiritual support while allowing the reader to experience knowledge of her African culture. Nettie explains to Celie the vast differences between her life in Africa, with blacks as the majority, and life in America, with blacks as the minority. She serves not only as a confidante but also as an educator for Celies lost mind. Netties character intensifies Celies need to love and be loved in The Color Purple. Works CitedWalker, Alice. The Color Purple.New York Pocket Books. 1982

Essay --

Introduction The Hedge fund industry is surrounded by many upset and controversy. Lack of excessive returns, unclear impact, oversight on the market are all subjects of concerns for the public and market participants. The hedge fund industry worries small investors and monetary professional who do not know how to accurately assess the risks associated with hedge currency. Hedge funds are mainly operating like mutual funds but not the managers. Oversight and low regulation allow them to not make public information on their profits and losses or enthronisation strategies. Hedge funds rely a lot on volumes to achieve profits. Systemic risk became a major part of the debate since LTCM in 1998. report card of LTCMBackground Long Term Capital Management - LTCM - was a hedge fund that was established in 1994 by John Meriwether who was a fortunate vex trader at Salomon Brothers. Meriwether was one of the first on Wall Street who hired professors and academics who ap plied models based on financial theories to trading. This team demonstrated an magnate to precisely calculate risk and generated amazing returns (Goldberg, M., 2012). The partners of LTCM included a professor from Harvard University, Nobel Price-winning economists, a former vice president of the Board of Governors of the Federal Reserve, and other successful bond traders. This group of traders and academics attracted about $1.3 billion from different institutional clients (Goldberg, M., 2012).Investors were not allowed to discipline any money out for three years and paid $10 million to get into the fund. Annual return in 1995 was 42.8% after management took 27% off the top in fees. In 1997 LTCM successfully hedged most(prenominal) of the risk from the Asian currency crisis by ... ...ge (Goldberg, 2012).Should the Fed have intervened?In order to save the U.S. banking system, the President of the Federal Reserve Bank of New York William McDonough convinced 15 banks to bail out L TCM with $3.5 billion, in return for a 90% ownership of the fund. Also, the Fed started lowering the Fed funds rate as a assurance to investors that the Fed would do whatever it took to support the U.S. economy. Without that direct interference, the entire financial system was threatened with a collapse (Amadeo, 2012).However, the Fed brokered and intervened a intermit deal for the LTCM managers and shareholders. This was the precedent for the Federal Reserves bailout role with AIG, Bear Stearns, Fannie Mae and Freddie Mac during the financial crisis. Once financial companies realized that the Fed would bail them out, they were more willing to take risks (Amadeo, 2012).

Strength of the Human Spirit Revealed by Ivan Denisovich Essay

Strength of the Human Spirit Revealed in One Day in the aliveness of Ivan Denisovich Life give the axe be incredibly hard at clocks nearly everyone encounters a period of time when circumstances become unbearably rugged. Imagine being appoint to ten years of unceasing and tremendous hardships, as is the plight of the protagonist in One Day in the Life of Ivan Denisovich by Alexander Solzhenitsyn. This book describes in detail only one day of Ivans ten-year sentence in a Russian work camp in the 1950s. During this day, which is alike most others, he is starved, nearly frozen, overworked, and punished unjustly however, as the day unfolds, it is obvious that Ivan will never give up and never give in. The character of Ivan Denisovich is a emblem of the human spirit and its never-ending will to survive, even through the harshest of conditions. Ivans day begins with reveille at 500, as always (significant because this day is just like every other day has been for the past eight y ears). On most mornings after reveille, he jumps pop of bed to have a little time to himself, but today he is not feeling well and rises slowly. Usually, there are many things he could do during this time before the morning digress call sweep up, carry something for someone, fetch the boots of the gang boss, gather and stack bowls at the mess hall, any number of little jobs. On the surface, Ivans actions account noble and kindhearted, as if the well being of others is his main concern. But like most kind gestures, there is an entirely different motive for Ivan, it is just some other way of getting food(2). He, like most people in a difficult situation, performs favors and tasks, not out of the goodness of his heart, but only out of his desir... ...Max Hayward, in his introduction to _One Day In the Life of Ivan Denisovich _, says the book is a morality play in which the carpenter Ivan Denisovich Shukhov is Everyman (xv). There are exceptions to the imitation Ivan is not a fl at character, void of depth and definition, but through these examples, it is obvious that much of the time, Ivan Denisovich reflects the average human spirit and the way in which it reacts to difficult situations. Of course, the average human spirit does not endure the hardships presented in a Soviet work camp, but all hardships are related in their capacity to destroy their victims or to strengthen them. In this case, Ivan is the spirit who is strengthened, the victim who will never give up, and never give in. Bibliography Solzhenitsyn, Alexander. One Day in the Life of Ivan Denisovich. New York Bantam Books, 1963.

Development of a Four Year Old Child Essay -- Papers Psychology Child

Development of a Four Year Old ChildWorks Cited non IncludedEnthusiasm in children is like a ripple in the water ... itspreads.AnonymousThe study of child maturation helps us understand thechanges we decide as children grow and develop. A child?sdevelopment is divided into five areas physical, emotional,cognitive, social, and moral development (Mitchell and David 1992). Although each area will be discussed separately, it is pregnant toremember that all these areas overlap. Together, they make up thewhole person.Physical development is an increase in body size and shape. Motor development is included in physical development because itshows the development of the large and small muscles. Changesin the brain and nervous system will affect physical and motordevelopment.Emotional development is how the child feels abouthimself/herself, other people, and the world that they live in. Emotional development also involves children?s learning todistinguish different feelings and express them in culturallyacceptable ways (Henniger,...

Development of a Four Year Old Child Essay -- Papers Psychology Child

Development of a Four Year Old ChildWorks Cited Not IncludedEnthusiasm in sisterren is handle a ripple in the water ... itspreads.AnonymousThe study of child development helps us understand thechanges we see as children grow and develop. A child?sdevelopment is divided into five areas physical, emotional,cognitive, social, and moral development (Mitchell and David 1992). Although each area will be discussed separately, it is important toremember that all these areas overlap. Together, they make up thewhole person.Physical development is an increase in body size and shape. Motor development is included in physical development because itshows the development of the macroscopic and small muscles. Changesin the brain and nervous system will affect physical and motordevelopment.Emotional development is how the child feels abouthimself/herself, other people, and the humanness that they live in. Emotional development also involves children?s learning todistinguish different feelings and express them in culturallyacceptable ways (Henniger,...

Identify Two Reports on Serious Failures to Protect Individuals from Abuse Essay

Abuse can happen anywhere anytime, that especi each(prenominal)y to vulnerable people, ie Children, elderly people, people with disabilities, people with encyclopedism difficulties. It can even happen in places people should be safe, ie hospitals, residential/ nursing homes, schools, daycare/ nurseries, centres etc. I researched two courtings reported for abuse. The Winterbourne case which was nationally reported, and a local abuse case of Orme house in Lowestoft. The Winterbourne case was more than physical and emotional abuse and the Orme house case was more neglect and poor living conditions.The Winterbourne case was reported nationally because it was such a disgusting mistreatment of vulnerable people, 11 members of staff were caught on cctv after visitors and patients complained astir(predicate) mistreatments. The evidence that was captured showed physical abuse such as, slapping, poking sums, pulling hair, even as unbelievable as trapping them under chairs, and soaking re sidents in halt cold water. It in any case showed emotional and verbal abuse in the form of name calling.This was an inhumane and diabolic mistreatment of vulnerable individuals unable to defend themselves. Winterbourne appears to have do dicisions based on profits and returns, over and above dicisions about the effective and humane delivery of assessments and treatments. Where were the staff who should have been reporting these crimes to management , if management was non listening then they should have been reported to the authorities and organisations, such as social services and cqc that is what they are there for.The staff who didnt abuse patients but didnt report the incidents are just as abusive and responsible , as they were employed to help with patients welfcare, in turning a blind eye they failed to put the best interest of the patient first. The Orme house case was locally reported due to neglect, residents were sleeping on dirty, infested mattresses and eating take aways provided due to neglect of food on the premises. Poor health and safety, and health and hygiene conditions were due to untrained/poorly trained staff and working under staffed. Residents were taken to former(a) residential homes in the area and Orme house was closed down.In both cases there does not appear to have been a governing staff carcass taking a stand and putting a stop to these behaviours, and no-one reported anything to the governing body CQC (care quality commision) or social services until sygnificant harm had already come to the residents of both these care homes. If these homes had a governing member of staff to ensure all care standards are met, where was their accountability. CQC are the governing body for all health and social care settings, they set out care standards and legislations and requirements that are to be met in each setting.These requirements and standards are normally brought into place by victimization company policies and procedures, to prote ct all parties they may vary slightly, but all have to comply with the standards set out in legislations. There are a number of agencies that work together to ensure staff are vetted. The government commisioned the bichard inquiry (2002) and it looked at the way recruitment was carried out, the inquiry led to the safegaurding vulnerable groups correspond 2006 and the vetting and barring schemes.Which are run by the independant safegaurding authority (ISA) they work with the criminal records bureau(CRB) and protection of vulnerable adults/children (POVA/POCA) lists 99 to access anyone who wants to work with vulnerable groups. There is also the health and safety act 1974 and a number of health and environmental laws that should of been adhered to under the health and social care act 2008, every employer and employee has a debt instrument of care to ensure a safe working and living environment for all staff and residents to which in these cases staff at both care homes failed.

Comparitive Life Cycle Costing for of a Gasoline and a Hybrid Car

COMPARITIVE LIFE CYCLE COSTING FOR OF A GASOLINE AND A HYBRID CAR Digvesh khot , N argonndran Neelagandan ABSTRACT The depletion of the fossil force outs is emerging as a associate for the whole world. The major sources for the consumption of this fossil fuel be our vehicles that use much of the oil for their operation. The need has been felt to devise the alternative fuel for our vehicles which should be the sustainable pick so that it does non contribute to the environmental impacts rigorously. The objective of the proportional analysis is to know the feasibility of the crisscross political machine against the gasolene gondola car.The part adopted for the comparative analysis is to do life story cycle apostrophize of both the loco antecedent engines by considering the equal, benefits, nutriment and repairs for both the engines. The weight marking model was similarly developed to analyze the feasibility of both the engines on the grounds of foothold like safety, entertain, emissions and incentives. subsequently completing the comparative analysis the life cycle be model and the weight scoring model yield the results which were analyzed and the necessary recommendations were made.The results of the comparative analysis revealed that though the Hybrid cars initially speak to more than, but if they atomic number 18 run for more than 20,000 miles than the occur cost per mile is less than the gas pedal cars. Also weighing model for both the cars gives more weightage to hybrid cars in marges of emissions and incentives. KEYWORDS living Cycle costing, alternative fuels, hybrid vehicles, flatulence engines. LITERATURE REVIEW Today the major problem the whole world is facing is the depletion of fossil fuels. around of the vehicles run on these fossil fuels.It is estimated that if the consumption of these fossil fuels continues at the same rate then by the end of 2030 the fossil fuels will get minify by 50% of the current value and the p rices will sum up by $10/ gallon (Kibert, 2008). To overcome this problem a lot of automobile companies are on the job(p) on the new design of engine which will work on some other source of naught other than fossil fuels. So hybrid model cars were developed keeping in mind of these problems. The first hybrid car model was developed by Dr Ferdinand Porsche in 1902 using a petrol engine, rotating at a constant speed to drive a ynamo, which killd the accumulators (www. wikipedia. com 10, 2008). These accumulators fed current to electric motors contained within the hubs of the front roll outs. Before this some(prenominal) advancements were made in non-gasoline motors, mainly electric cars (www. wikipedia. com). Such non-gasoline car was invented somewhere around years from 1832 and 1839, by Robert Anderson of Scotland and his electric carriage (www. wikipedia. com 10, 2008). After that several car manufactures have been working on divers(prenominal) applied science for a long s equence and recently hybrid cars were developed (www. wikipedia. com 10, 2008).Hybrid cars are vehicles set by hybrid engines, which are any engine that combines two or more sources of spot, generally gasoline and electricity (Lipman, et. al, 2003). There are two types of gasoline-electric hybrid cars the tally hybrid, and the series hybrid. Both of these use gasoline-electric hybrid technology (Lipman, et. al, 2003). In parallel hybrid cars, the gasoline and electric motors work together to move the car forward. In series, the gasoline engine either directly powers an electric motor which in turn powers the vehicle or charges the battery that will in turn power the motor(Lipman, et. l, 2003). Both these type of hybrid cars use another technology called Regenerative braking which stores the kinetic energy that is created while braking. This energy is stored in a battery which runs the electric motor. (Lipman, et. al, 2003) go out SUMMARY This project was establish on the life cy cle costing and the comparative analysis of the hybrid engines and the petrol engines. The goal of the project was to calculate the total cost of both the engines during their life cycle and to analyze their instruction execution and the impacts of environments.The first objective was to develop the life cycle cost model for studying their performance with respect to the annual mileage and the total cost per year spent on both type of cars. The second objective was to develop the weight scoring model for both types of cars to analyze them on the grounds of safety, comfort, emissions, and incentives. Life cycle model for both the cars were developed using the cost components like depreciation, fees and taxes, finance, fuel, insurance, maintenance , and repairs. all in all the entropy for these cost components for both types of engines were collected from the fraternity websites and the EPA website.After the collection of these entropy, the life cycle cost model has been used for calculating the total life cycle cost for hybrid as well as petrol engines. The results were analyzed for both the alternatives and the conclusions were made. lean scoring model was also developed for the comparative analysis which included the components like safety, comfort, emissions, and the incentives. The relative weights for these components were assigned according to the priorities from the consumer point of view. The rating points were also assigned and both the cars were rated according to the aforesaid components.The sources for the data were the company websites and the EPA websites for the emission data was also cited. The results of the Weight scoring model were then analyzed and the final conclusions were made. The comparative study for both the cars revealed that the hybrid cars are more efficient in terms of long term usage than the petrol cars. CASE STUDY exposition Many car manufactures are working on this hybrid technology to improve the fuel consumption and d ecrease the emission levels and Honda is one of the leading car manufacturers who have released different hybrid models into the market (www. onda. com 11, 2008). star of the models of Honda is The Civic Hybrid 2008 which is the latest model which uses hybrid technology for propulsion, which is taken into study (www. honda. com 11, 2008). The Civic Hybrid 2008 uses gasoline and electric power train for the propulsion. The engine is a 1399cc, 4 cylinder aluminum-alloy engine which supplies a power of emailprotected (www. honda. com 11, 2008). The electric motor supplies a maximum of 158 volts (www. honda. com 11, 2008). The functioning of the system at various stages is different and is explained below.STARTING The car uses an IMA (Integrated motor assist) system motor to start. If the IMA battery-pack charge is too low or if its very cold outside, the system has a distract battery and starter motor to back it up. (www. honda. com 11, 2008) ACCELERATION When extra acceleration is n eeded, while passing or climbing up an inclined region, the IMA Systems electric motor adds its torque automatically to the engines to give extra power. (www. honda. com 11, 2008) CITY CRUISING At steady speeds below 35 mph on level roads and under light throttle, fuel injection is ceased and the car is propelled olely by the electric motor. (www. honda. com 11, 2008) HIGHWAY At higher cruising speeds, the gasoline engine provides the motive power. The motor has been developed in such a way that it reduces the fuel consumption to particular levels. (www. honda. com 11, 2008) BRAKING The cars IMA System taps the kinetic energy that is produced in the vehicle, when brakes are applied. During that period, the systems motor turns itself into a generator, and helps in slowing down the car while at the same time it builds up the energy stored in the batteries. www. honda. com 11, 2008) AT A STOP When stopped, the gasoline engine automatically shuts off. When we lift our foot off the brake , and the engine restarts automatically. (www. honda. com 11, 2008) These setups have been made to increase the vehicle performance and make them fuel efficient. The benefits of the refined gasoline electric power train are fuel economy and environment well-disposed emissions. This vehicle is certified by Environment protection agency (EPA) and passes all the regulation of EPA 2008 for environment.This car is also equipped with the rating of Advanced Technology of Partial postcode Emission Vehicle (AT-PZEV) which is the most stringent emission standards of United States which in turn is certified by California Air Resource Board (CARB). The technology being new is expensive and the initial cost for hybrid car is high as compared to the petrol engine cars. But if compared the life cycle cost is considerably less as compared to petrol engine due to the benefits of low emissions and fuel economy of the hybrid cars. (www. honda. om 11, 2008) The petrol version of 2008 Honda polite se dan which is presently out in the market, is a normal car that runs on a gasoline engine. The engine is a 1799cc aluminum-alloy which produces emailprotected (www. honda. com 11, 2008). Gasoline or petrol engines are primary internal combustion engines which run on volatile fuels. They use air and fuel mixed together and a spark plug which produces the fire for combustion. The energy that is created is used to run the drive shaft which in-turn runs the wheel (www. wikipedia. com 10, 2008).Petrol engines were developed by the engineers Gottlieb Daimler and Karl Benz (both from Germany) in 1885 who both together started the Daimler-Benz car plant (www. wikipedia. com 10, 2008). Gasoline engines are the widely used internal combustion engines which have been under constant improvisation to improve their efficiency and to reduce the emission levels from them (www. wikipedia. com 10, 2008). Different industries have been working towards that and Honda is one of the industries who have taken serious steps to reduce the emission levels from normal gasoline engines. www. honda. com 11, 2008) These are the two products for which the life-cycle cost model analysis is leaving to be created. LIFE CYCLE COST MODEL DESCRIPTION The Life Cycle Cost (LCC) model for comparative analysis of hybrid and the petrol cars was based on following cost components depreciation Insurance Financing Taxes and fees open fire Maintenance Repairs The source for developing the model was (Shtub, et. al 2005). LCCcars = LCCdepreciation + LCCinsurance+ LCCfinancing+ LCCtaxes and fees+ LCCfuel + LCCmaintenance+ LCCrepairs.The LCC model for car is the gist of the all the cost components which will yield the total life cycle cost (Shtub, et. al 2005). The assumptions that have been made are in terms of time frame and the cost components are as follows 1. Time frame The time frame for calculation has been taken as 5 years. All the data for the cost components are based on 5 years. 2. dispraise it is the value of the vehicle which declines as the vehicle gets older. The age of the vehicle is related to the function of miles it has travelled. For both the cars it the median(a) of 15, 000 miles per year is being considered. 3.Insurance It is the average annual insurance that has been taken into account. The premium charged per year for the insurance of the car has been taken from the website of Honda company for the lah raise. 4. Financing This is the interest expense on a loan in the amount of true market value purchase price + destination charge + base sales tax & initial fees (www. honda. com 11, 2008). The values for these expenses are considered for Louisiana region assuming the 10% down payment and a loan term of 60 months. 5. Taxes and fees we have included base sales taxes, license and registration fees in Louisiana region (www. dmunds. com, 11/2008). 6. provoke Assuming 45% hotheaded on freeways and 55% driving in city we have collected the data for the fuel f rom www. epa. gov. 7. Maintenance We have considered both the scheduled and the unscheduled maintenance in this cost components. 8. Repairs the estimated expenses for repairs that do not come under the manufacturers warranty for five years, is taken as repairs. (www. edmund. com11, 2008) The life cycle costing has been done for three conditions and they are watch 1 cost component data for USA precedent 2 cost component data for Louisiana. Condition 3 distance travelled is 10, 000 miles with a 55% driving in city and 45% driving on freeways. CHECK LIST MODEL DESCRIPTION The weighing model that has been created has taken into consideration of few portions which are not taken into account by many car owners. Factors like safety, comfort, and emissions do not play a significant factor for many people who plan to buy a car. This motivated us to create the scoring model for these factors. For the Honda civic Dx (2008 model) and Honda civic hybrid (2008, model) safety, comfort, and emis sions are taken into account and the relative weights are given.The safety features are good for the in the midsize segment with disc for the front, 4 wheel ABC and the airbags for the head, and side (www. honda. com 11, 2008). But these can be improved to the next level by adding the disc brakes to all the wheels and by increasing the number of airbags. The comfort level is taken into consideration as some people spend more time in the car driving around, so the comfort level plays an important part. The next criteria are the emission levels of the car which is taken into consideration for analyzing the environmental impact of them.The last criteria is the incentives that are being offered for the buying a hybrid cars. The source for developing the weighing model was (Shtub, et. al 2005). On the basis of the above criteria the weighing model has been developed and the results were analyzed to make conclusions. RESULTS Life cycle costing Model 1 Honda Civic Dx 4 brink Sedan Conditi on 1 cost component data for USA level best or manufacturers suggestion retail price $ 15, 810. Owner ship 1-5 years. Cost componentsCost ($) depreciation 10,112 Fees and taxes 730 finance 2331 Fuel9945 Insurance8348 Maintenance1720 Repairs643Total life cycle cost37645 crinkle The miles driven are kept constant and the values are tabulated for USA Source www. autochannel. com, www. honda. com, and www. edmunds. com for cost component data except for the fuel data. www. epa. gov fuel data. Condition 2 cost component data for Louisiana. Maximum or manufacturers suggestion retail price $ 15, 810. Owner ship 1-5 years. Cost componentsCost ($) Depreciation 9002 Fees and taxes 1407 Finance 2963 Fuel8478 Insurance10119 Maintenance2934 Repairs625 Total life cycle cost35528 Note the above values are taken for Louisiana region Source www. utochannel. com, www. honda. com, and www. edmunds. com for cost component data except for the fuel data. www. epa. gov- Fuel data. Condition 3 distance travelled is 10, 000 miles with a 55% driving in city and 45% driving on freeways. Maximum or manufacturers suggestion retail price $ 15, 810. The car has driven for 10,000 miles (55% city and 45% freeways) Owner ship 1-5 years. Cost componentsCost ($) Depreciation 8851 Fees and taxes 1194 Finance 2405 Fuel6568 Insurance6759 Maintenance1176 Repairs564 Opportunity cost2999 Total life cycle cost30, 518 Note the cost per mile for 10,000 miles is $. 1, for 15,000 miles is $. 48, and for 20,000 miles $0. 46. Source www. autochannel. com, www. honda. com, and www. edmunds. com for cost component data except for the fuel data. www. epa. gov- Fuel data. Model 2 Honda Civic hybrid 4 door Sedan Condition 1 cost component data for USA Maximum or manufacturers suggestion retail price $ 22, 600. Owner ship 1-5 years. Cost componentsCost ($) Depreciation 11993 Fees and taxes 1974 Finance 4117 Fuel6155 Insurance10622 Maintenance2932 Repairs625 Total life cycle cost38478 Note The miles driven are kept constant and the values are tabulated for USA Source www. utochannel. com, www. honda. com, and www. edmunds. com for cost component data except for the fuel data. www. epa. gov Fuel data. Condition 2 cost component data for Louisiana. Maximum or manufacturers suggestion retail price $ 22,600. Owner ship 1-5 years. Cost componentsCost ($) Depreciation 13128 Fees and taxes 511 Finance 3331 Fuel6846 Insurance9252 Maintenance1920 Opportunity cost3857 Repairs679 Total life cycle cost39525 Note the above values are taken for Louisiana region Source www. autochannel. com, www. honda. com, and www. edmunds. com for cost component data except for the fuel data. ww. epa. gov fuel data. Condition 3 Distance travelled is 10, 000 miles with a 55% driving in city and 45% driving on freeways. Maximum or manufacturers suggestion retail price $ 22, 600. The car has driven for 10,000 miles (55% city and 45% freeways) Owner ship 1-5 years. Cost componentsCost ($) Depreciation 12189 Fees and ta xes 1157 Finance 3615 Fuel4536 Insurance7491 Maintenance1402 Repairs596 Opportunity cost3212 Total life cycle cost34198 Note the cost per mile for 10,000 miles is $. 68, for 15,000 miles is $. 51, and for 20,000 miles $0. 47. Source www. autochannel. om, www. honda. com, and www. edmunds. com for cost component data except for the fuel data. www. epa. gov Fuel data. Sensitivity analysis The data used for sensitivity analysis was miles per year travelled and the increment taken for it was 5000. For Model 1 Honda Civic Dx 4 door Sedan No of milesCost per mile($)Data source 100000. 61www. epa. gov 150000. 48www. epa. gov 200000. 46www. epa. gov 250000. 47www. epa. gov For Model 2 Honda Civic hybrid 4 door Sedan No of milesCost per mile($)Data source 100000. 68www. epa. gov 150000. 51www. epa. gov 200000. 47www. epa. gov 50000. 45www. epa. gov The initial cost for the petrol engine may be less than the hybrid cars but afterward 20000 miles of running hybrid cars are more fuel efficien t than the petrol engines. After performing the sensitivity analysis we ob dressd that initially the cost per mile for petrol is less than the hybrid cars, but as you increase the number of miles after 20,000 miles hybrid cars become more fuel efficient. The breakeven point on the sensitivity graph shows the changing nature of fuel efficiency for hybrid cars and petrol cars. Weight scoring method (Shtub, et. al 2005).Weighing model for Honda civic DX 2008 For all criteria and the relative weight the values are assumed according to the priority of consumer. CriteriaRelative weightExcellent 30(assumed)Good 20(assumed)Fair 10(assumed)Poor 0(assumed)Factor mop up safety. 3v6 Comfort. 2v2 emissions. 4v2 incentives. 1v0 total1. 0010 Source www. autochannel. com, www. honda. com, and www. edmunds. com for criteria data except the fuel data and www. epa. gov for fuel data. Weighing model for Honda civic hybrid 2008 For all criteria and the relative weight the values are assumed according t o the priority of consumer.CriteriaRelative weightExcellent 30(assumed)Good 20(assumed)Fair 10(assumed)Poor 0(assumed)Factor score safety. 3v6 Comfort. 2v4 emissions. 412 incentives. 1v3 total1. 00v25 Source www. autochannel. com, www. honda. com, and www. edmunds. com for criteria data except the fuel data and www. epa. gov for fuel data. The weighing score model shows that for hybrid cars the factor score is more than the petrol car and the reason is the hybrid cars are more emission free than the petrol car, also the criteria of the incentive for hybrid car makes it more preferable for the customers.The hybrid cars have a 25-100% federal tax credit which could move people towards buying the hybrid cars which are environmentally friendly as compared to petrol (www. honda. com 11/2008) . Conclusions After carrying out the life cycle costing, sensitivity analysis, and the weight scoring the following conclusions can be reached Though the petrol cars are cheaper than the hybrid cars but the life cycle cost of hybrid cars after 20,000 miles makes it the better option. Due to the depletion of fossil fuels, petrol cars do not serve to be the best option. Hybrid cars produced less emission than the petrol engines so they are environmentally friendly cars which makes them a sustainable product. The incentives offered by the federal state government for buying the hybrid car may serve as a good step towards motivating people to go for hybrid option Bibliography autochannel. (2008). comparison of hybrid cars and petrol engine cars for miles travelled. Retrieved 11 24, 2008, from www. autochannel. com. Avraham Shtub, j. F. (2005). Project management process, methodology and economics. pper saddle river, new jersey pearson, prantice hall. edmund. (2008). cost comparison data for hybrid and petrol cars. Retrieved 11 24, 2008, from www. edmund. com. environmental protection agency. (2008). emissions for hybrid and petrol engines. Retrieved 11 29, 2008, from www. epa. gov. Environmental protection agency. (2008). fuel cost for hybrid and petrol engines. Retrieved 11 29, 2008, from www. epa. gov. H. capital of Minnesota Barringer, P. D. (1996). Life Cycle Cost Tutorial. Houston, Texas Marriott Houston Westside. Heather L.MacLean, e. (2000). A Life-Cycle Comparison of Alternative Automobile Fuels. journal of the air and waste management association , 1769-1779. honda USA. (2008). hybrid cars and petrol cars. Retrieved 11 24, 2008, from www. honda. com. Jeremy Hackney, R. d. (1999). Life cycle model of alternative fuel vehicles emissions, energy,and cost trade-offs. science direct journal , 243-267. lester lave, h. m. (2000). life cycle analysis of automobile fuel/propulsion technologies. environmental science and technology , 1600-1698.Steven Kmenta, K. I. (2000). SCENARIO-BASED FMEA A LIFE CYCLE COST PERSPECTIVE. Baltimore, Maryland ASME. the fuel cell vehicle analysis of enegy use, emission and cost . (1998). pergamon , 381-385. Timothy E. Lipman, M. A. (2003). Hybrid-Electric Vehicle Design Retail and Lifecycle Cost Analysis. Berkeley, California 94720 Energy and Resources Group. wikipedia. (2008). hybrid engines and petrol ngines. Retrieved 10 29, 2008, from www. wikipedia. com. Kibert, C. J. (2008). Sustainable Construction . New Jersey tail Willey and Sons.

Indian Cultural Background Essay

I have two cultural background which ar Cherokee Indian and African American . Cherokee is really pronounced as CHAIR-uh-kee in our language. Cherokee comes from a Muskogee word meaning speakers of another language. Cherokee Indians originally called themselves Aniyunwiya the principal people, but today they accept the named Cherokee. But in their language it is pronounced Tsadagi . The Cherokees are original residents of the American southeast region, particularly Georgia, North and South Carolina, Virginia, Kentucky, and Tennessee.Most Cherokees were forced to move to Oklahoma in the 1800s along the cartroad of Tears. The Cherokee Indians who survived this dying still remain in Oklahoma today. Some Cherokees escaped the Trail of Tears by hiding in the Appalachian hills or taking furnish with white neighbors. These people live scattered throughout the original Cherokee Indian homelands. Trail of Tears was the Cherokee name for what the Americans called Indian Removal. During th e 1800s, the US government created an Indian filth in Oklahoma and sent all the eastern Native American tribes to live there.Some tribes agreed to this plan with no problem. Other tribes didnt same this plan at all , and the American army forced them. The Cherokee tribe was whiz of the largest eastern tribes, and they didnt want to leave their homeland. The Cherokees were peaceful with the Americans. So they asked the unconditional Court for help. The judges decided the Cherokee Indians could stay in their homes. But the President, Andrew Jackson, sent the army to march the Cherokees to Oklahoma . They werent prepared for the journey, and it was winter time.Thousands of Cherokee Indians died on the Trail of Tears. Many Native Americans from other tribes died too. It was a terrible time in history. There are three federally recognized Cherokee tribes the Cherokee Nation of Oklahoma, the United Keetoowah knell in Oklahoma, and the Eastern Band of Cherokee Indians in North Carolin a. Other Cherokee communities in Alabama, Georgia, and other states are considered unofficial by the US government. The Eastern Cherokee people live on a reservation. Indian reservations are lands that belong to Native American tribes and are under their control.The Oklahoma Cherokee people live on trust land, though many Cherokees call it a reservation anyway. The Keetowah Cherokee do not have a land base. Each Cherokee tribe has its own government, laws, police, and services, just like a small country. However, Cherokee Indians are also US citizens and must obey American law. In the past, each Cherokee group was led by one war antique and one peace chief. Cherokee chiefs were chosen by a tribal council. Cherokee war chiefs were male, but the peace chief could be a woman.Today, Cherokee tribal councils and chiefs can be either gender and are popularly elected, like senators and governors. Most Cherokee people speak English today, but 20,000 people also speak the Cherokee Indian la nguage. Cherokee is a complex language with soft sounds. The Cherokee language has an innovative writing system that was invented by the Cherokee scholar Sequoyah. Sequoyahs writing system is a syllabary. That means one character represents each syllable. The other cultural background is African American .

Marshall Plan Essay

How important was the Truman belief and the marshal plan to the crystallisation of ice-cold War Tensions in europium in the age 1945-1951?When considering the crystallization of mothy War tensions in Europe integrity loafer not overlook the move of both the Truman Doctrine and the marshall contrive. Although events were often a cycle of action and reaction which makes the identification of ultimate causes difficult and probably impossible both the Truman Doctrine and the Marshall plan signaled a turning purport in transaction between east and west Europe. The solidification of arctic War tensions in Europe is, for the sake of this essay, the point at which it was tidy that relations between the United Sates and the Soviet Union were unsalvageable as their ideological differences became increasingly polarized. Although the Truman Doctrine and the Marshall end were considered by the Ameri female genitals administration as 2 halves of the same walnut to fully explore t he consequences of the American policies one must look at them separately.The Truman Doctrine hailed in a new era for the USs conflicting policy through the rendering of containment and the introduction of nisusal institutions such as the National Security Council, the Central Intelligence agency and the section of Defense. This showed a move to contendds a more assertive contrary policy, arguably provoking the Soviet Union and escalating tensions between the two powers. Similarly the Marshall fancys encroachment on what the USSR saw as their playing field of square off through their offer of financial aid triggered a threatened Soviet Russia to raise their authority over satellite states. Their dramatic actions in Czechoslovakia can be seen as evidence of the importance of the role the Marshall Plan played in escalating tensions in Europe as these events can be viewed as a direct consequence of changing US foreign policy.However to fully valuate the complexities of the i ssues covered when looking at the development of Cold War tensions in Europe one must place these events in a wider contextual framework. To curve the political, social or sparing issues which form the background of this timeframe would be to oversimplify the issue. It is then imperative to look as the situation from both US and Soviet viewpoints whilst considering the issues the nations were dealing with domestically. By 1951 Europe was undeniably divided, with two power blocs emerging, east and west. Whilst the formulation of these tensions had originated from a shared business relationship dating back to before the war, the completion of these tensions is undeniably linked to both the Truman Doctrine and the Marshall plan as they solidified divisions of Europe.The Truman Doctrine, through the role it played in outlining the Soviet Union as the enemy and defining the American policy of containment, was a enormously significant step towards the crystallization of Cold War Ten sions in Europe. The Truman Doctrine argued that, by and by Britains need to reduce its participation in aiding Greece, congress must immediately extend financial aid because of the threat of communist domination. However, off the beaten track(predicate) from solely asking for economic and military aid for Greece and Tur cardinal the doctrine took on the role of calling for the global containment of communism. The combination of a definition of the United States foreign policy towards communism and the demonstration of their commitment through action did help the move towards a divided Europe. Furthermore it solidified and defined the ideology upon which US foreign policy was made.A key consequence of the Truman Doctrine was the changes it caused in the United States decision-making process. As Painter explains, the support elicited for the dodging of containment meant that American administrations were able to act on their beliefs about the relationship between politics, econom ics and US security. This signaled an era in which the US would base their foreign policy around their capitalist ideology, one completely at odds with the Soviet Union. These beliefs were strengthened by the introduction of new governmental institutions such as the National Security Council, the Central Intelligence agency and the Department of Defense arguably moving towards a more activist foreign policy presenting a clear threat to the USSR.Kennan, seen as the father of containment was a crucial figure in the emergence of Cold War tensions in Europe through his books that inspired the Truman doctrine. Whilst looking at the effects of the Truman Doctrine it is imperative that we look at the role Kennan took in not wholly promoting containment as a system of foreign policy besides also defining the Soviet Union. From Moscow Kennan sent the Long Telegram suggesting that the USSR was an aggressive nation and that the only successful form of American foreign policy would be a lo ng term strategy of containment. Kennan encouraged the US to view the Soviet Union as inherently expansionist and aggressive, in effect suggesting that the USSR should be seen as the enemy.While Kennan explained his actions as not directed at combating communism but restoration of economic health in Europe it is clear that his constant rhetoric describing the Soviet Union as a threat that needed to be contained did much to not only encouraging domestic fear and anti communist views but also to provoke the Soviet Union into changing its foreign policy. Kennan would provided influence the escalation of tensions through the role he played in the Marshall Plan. The Marshall Plan, like the Truman Doctrine, may not affirm intended to divide Europe, for a reduce of reasons this was the final outcome. Based around the ideas that The seeds of totalitarian regimes are nurtured by miserableness and want the Marshall Plan was seen as necessary to avoid the spread of communism.The Marshall Plan was seen by the American administration as the next important step against the perceived Russian threat as it was imperative to remove the misery and want which was rife in an economically ruined Europe. However, to the USSR the Marshall Plan was perceived quite differently, it was a western attempt to encroach on their sphere of influence. The Marshall Plan had far wider reaching consequences that simply supporting a recovering Europe economically. Through looking at the Soviet reaction to the Marshall Plan we see that it played a key role in the crystallization of Cold War tensions in Europe. The reaction to the Marshall plan by the Soviet Union marked a turning point in relations between east and west Europe as they served to split countries whose ideologies were go further apart.As the Marshall Plan was arguably the spark set off the chain of events it can be seen as hugely important in the crystallization of Cold War tensions in Europe. Whilst the Truman doctrine may have put a strain on relations between America and the Soviet Union the Marshall Plan as Myrdal, who guided the Economic Commission for Europe saw it, it would secure the iron curtain and bring on war. The Marshall plan therefore seems to have been the point at which Europe was split as it presented to the nations of Europe the choice between the two great powers and their ideologies. To revisionist historians such as Kolko the Marshall plan served the purpose of bringing Soviet fears to the fore and thus increasing tensions. It is clear that the Marshall plan forced Stalin to reassess his status towards East and West Europe which escalated Cold War tensions. M any revisionist historians will argue that the Soviet reaction to the Marshall Plan was one natural for a republic that felt weak and under attack.It could be argued that the Marshall Plan in the eyes of the USSR was a concerted attempt by the United States to break Soviet influence in Eastern Europe. To Taubman and Kolko it i s therefore clear that it was the Marshall Plan that sparked the escalation of tensions. Whilst it could be argued that this was not the case as the Marshall Plan was indeterminate to Soviet participation Crockartt shows that the US administration took steps to avoid communist participation in the plan. Kennan, who as aforementioned had been clear about his views on containment and the Soviet Union made sure that the plan be done in such a form that Russian satellites would either exclude themselvesor tick to abandon the exclusive orientation of their economies. This therefore encouraged divisions within Europe, as now there was a clear indication of whether or not the country subscribed to East or West ideologies.Furthermore many argue that the comprehension of Soviet states was ascribable to a desire not to invite the fringe that the ERP was an anti-communist measure rather than a genuine offer of financial aid. One could therefore argue that it was not surprising that the pl an caused tensions, as soviet inclusion was highly unlikely. The extent to which the Soviet Union felt threatened can be seen through actions taken as a resolving power of the Marshall plan, seen by historians such as Gaddis as a turning point in the development of the Cold War. The Soviet Union now seemed to act on a wish to unite the communist parties around Eastern Europe through the introduction of organizations such as Comiform. The Communist information Bureau can be seen as an attempt by Stalin to bring the communist parties around Europe under more soviet control.Furthermore the Molotov Plan, seen by many as a Soviet version of the Marshall plan, aimed to provide financial aid for struggling economies that fell under soviet influence. The influence the Marshall Plan can be seen clearly through the introduction of the Molotov plan as it suggests that either Eastern European countries were so affected by their rejection of the Marshall Plan they needed a similar proposal or S talin felt so threatened he felt the need to create his own version. However possibly the most striking Soviet reaction to the Marshall Plan was the events that took place in Czechoslovakia in 1948. The impact can be illustrated in the fact that the only remaining non-communist leader in Eastern Europe was removed, shocking the United States and heightening the divisions between east and west, polarizing both powers.The Czech coup, in which the communist part, with tight Soviet support assumed total control over the Czech government and purged any non communist political figures. Furthermore the Stalinization of both Czechoslovakia and Hungarys societies due to fears brought about by the Marshall plan further intensified the differences between east and west. Through the introduction of the collectivization of farming, an emphasis on manufacturing and a quelling of opposition eastern European countries were forced to become more extreme in their politics, separating Europe and in creasing Cold War tensions. The reaction by the US illustrated the impact of events in Czechoslovakia as they it aided the swift implementation of the Marshall Plan, the creation of West Germany and in under a year the creation of NATO. It is clear to see therefore that the Marshall Plan played a key role in escalating tensions between the east and west in Europe.However, these views have been challenged. Although the impact of the combination of the Marshall Plan and the Truman Doctrine was undeniable in moving Europe towards a period of Cold War tensions the extent of their impact is a source of debate. The importance of the Marshall Plan is undermined by a number of issues that show that although it may have played an important role in the crystallization of Cold war tensions in Europe it was by no means the only influence. Historians such as Crockartt will point out the fact that one needs to consider the fact that both nations had hugely differing political styles and circumsta nces. The Soviet Union entered this period with enhanced prestige after playing a key role in defeating the Nazisand possessed, through ruling communist parties, tight control over their sphere of influence.The United States however placed a much great emphasis on the justification of their actions abroad through official documents and formal organizations, as they did not, as the communists did, have puppet rulers in foreign governments. Therefore it could be argued that these differences in political style were the truly important factors in the consolidation of Cold War tensions rather than particular events or policies. However, whilst the differing political styles may have been important these were long term issues that had a constant role in the diplomacy between the USSR and the US. It would be difficult therefore to argue that these played any decisive part in the crystallization of the tensions these differences helped to create. Therefore it could be argued that actions such as the announcement of the Marshall Plan and documents such as the Truman doctrine were the accredited cause of the solidification of these tensions.One must look at this period of time not just as a chronological series of events but place these events within the framework of the political, social and economic features also prominent at the time. Much of the post-revisionist historiography, with the benefit of hindsight, takes into account these complexities and sees the causes of Cold War tensions in Europe as far more diverse. When these issues are taken into account we see that there was a host of issues at the time all culminating to solidify Cold War tensions in Europe. As aforementioned the Soviet Union entered the period with a new identity, that of a great power of the innovation. Both the US and the Soviet Union had to react to this change of order and historians such as David Reynolds will even argue that the Cold War was inevitable given the shared history between the two powers.However although tensions may have been inevitable, as mentioned earlier, the solidification of these strains seems to revolve around the implementation of the Truman Doctrine and the Marshall Plan as they polarized the nations ideologies and pulled them further apart. As Crockartt explains revisionist historians view American economic expansionism for capitalist profits as at the heart of tensions between the United States and the USSR and it was the differences in the two nations ideologies that solidified divisions. American determination to keep western Europe (as a) safe arena for international capitalism was the fundamental force of strains between the US and the Soviet Union. The wording of professorship Trumans message to congress on March 12 1947 regarding US involvement in Greece and Turkey arguably shows the intertwined nature between American foreign policy and capitalist gains.In his address persuading congress to assist Greece and Turkey Truman refers to capital spent on the Second humans War as an enthronisation in world freedom. The document makes it clear that, to the US administration economic stability and freedom from communism are inextricably linked. The Marshall Plan can hoever be seen as the manifestation of these ideologies and therefore this argument suggests the Marshall Plan had an even greater influence. Furthermore the importance of the Truman Doctrine in heightening Cold War tensions in Europe is called into question as Painter points out Stalin did little to significantly support the efforts of the Greek communists. Whilst some may argue that this because of the success of US aid, others would see it as undermining the significance of the Truman doctrine as Stalin only showed slight concern for the success of communist rebels in Greece.However this could be because of strains in Soviet relations with Yugoslavia being a greater priority that the potential of a Greek communist uprising. Furthermore although Sovi et reaction to the Truman Doctrine may have shown reluctance to act on Stalins part, US actions in Greece, Turkey and Iran showed their determination to maintain Western access to overseas trade zones. The Truman Doctrine and the Marshal plan played an undeniable role in escalating Cold War tensions between 1945 and 1951. Although they may not have formed the basis of these tensions, which had reinforced up in the post-war years, they seem to act as the nail in the coffin for US/Soviet relations.One could argue that as a result of the definition of not only their differences, but also the definition of the Soviet Union as aggressive and expansionist, the Truman Doctrine waved in an era of hostility. The Marshall Plan further polarized European states as one either subscribed to Marshall aid, or didnt, in effect the Iron Curtain was drawn. One must neer overlook the issues that formed the basis of tensions between the US and the USSR as these similarly contributed to the crystalliza tion of cold war tensions.At the crux of strains between the US and the USSR were the different ideologies the two nations held at the heart of their foreign policy and as a result the contrasting ways of looking at events and actions. This period sees the polarization of these ideologies and therefore the solidification between the two nations can be seen as inevitable. However, fundamentally the Marshall Plan and The Truman Doctrine provided a platform for these tensions to develop and escalate and because of this they were hugely important in the crystallization of Cold War Tensions in Europe.BibliographyPrimary SourcesPresident Trumans Message to Congress March 12, 1947 Document 171 80th Congress, first Session Records of the United States House of Representatives Record Group 233 National Archives.Secondary SourcesCrockatt, R., Fifty Years War United States and Soviet Union in World Politics (London 1996)Barros, J., Trygve Lie The UN Secretary-General Pursues Peace, 1946-1953 (Illinois 1989) P.125J. L., Gaddis, We Now Know Rethinking Cold War History (1997) J. L., Gaddis, Strategies of Containment A Critical Appraisal of American National Security Policy During the Cold War (Oxford 1982)Hogan, M. J., The Marshall Plan America, Britain, and the Reconstruction of Western Europe, 1947-1952 (US, 1990) Review by Charles S. M., in American Visions and British Interests Hogans Marshall PlanKolko, G., The Limits of Power The world and United States Foreign Policy, 1941-1949 (1970) Painter, D. S., The Cold War An Interdisciplinary History (London, GBR)Taubman, W., Stalins American Policy From Entente to Dtente to Cold War (New York 1982) p.172-3

Existentialism and Contractarianism Essay

1) Read chapters One through 3 of your textbook 2)Comp are and descent the Existentialism and Contractarianism framework Compare Both existentialism and contractarianism frameworks are two of the three deontological frameworks outlined in chapter one. Deontological frameworks focalization on the duty or covenant in ascertain whether the actions are right or wrong.Contrast Existentialism focuses on individual behavior while contractarianism focuses on society as a whole. Existentialism highlights that the only person who can determine right and wrong is establish on the free will of the person making the endings. As a result, duty is connected with actions meaning each individual determines the value of his/her actions. Contractarianism, or genial contract conjecture, highlights that individuals agree to social contracts to be members deep down society. As a member of society, each individual agrees to certain social norms. As a result, the value and norms developed by societ y must be fair to everyone who is a member of society.3)Compare and contrast Teleological, Deontological, and Mixed Frameworks Compare Teleological, Deontological, and Mixed frameworks are each foundational philosophies towards ethical conduct.Contrast Teleological frameworks focus on the results of the conduct of the individual and the ramifications, positive and negative, resulting from the actions and conduct of individuals. Deontological frameworks focus on duty or obligation in determining whether the actions are right or wrong. Mixed frameworks combine theories from both teleological and deontological frameworks. Mixed framework theory supports that through the seven guiding principles listed below, individuals develop a level of intuition that becomes incorporated in their decision-making processes. The seven guiding principles pull from both the teleological and deontological frameworks. The seven guiding principles takeFidelity- base on deontological theory and states th at an individual needs to keep explicit and implicit promises. Reparation- based on deontological theory and states that an individual must act on repairing the consequences for previous wrongful acts. Gratitude- based on deontological theory and states that an individual must be able to show gratitude for the kindness that others have given to him/her. Justice- based on deontological theory and states that an individual should settle to see that any goods are fairly distri stilled. Beneficence- Based on teleological theory and states that an individual should focus on trying to improve the lives of others. Self-improvement- pulls from both deontological and teleological theories and states that an individual should improve oneself by focusing on virtue and intelligence. Noninjury- based on teleological theory and states that an individual should not cause any detriment to others.4)Compare and contract the guiding principles of the Global logical argument Standards leaf-book and the Mixed Framework principles. Compare Both the Mixed Framework and Global Business Standards Codex principles are standards that attempt to promote fairness and to interpret and evaluate ethical behavior. Contrast The Mixed framework principles focus on individuals, but the Global Business Standards Codex principles focus on companies around the world.The mixed framework principles were defined in the question to a higher place, but here are brief definitions for each of the Global Business Standards CodexFiduciary Principle- Each officer and director of a company has the legal obligation to act in the best interest of the stakeholders and other employees within the firm. Property Principle- based on the belief that every employee should gaze property as well as the rights of the owners of property. Reliability Principle- based on the belief that it is the employees responsibility to honor the commitments he or she makes to the firm. Transparency Principle- based on the belief t hat every employee should conduct business in a truthful and on the loose(p) manner.It is expected that employees will not make decisions based on a personal matter. Dignity Principle- based on the belief that each employee needs to respect the dignity of all individuals Fairness Principle- based on the belief that stakeholders who have a vested interest in the firm should be treated fairly. Citizenship Principle- based on the belief that every employee should act as a responsible citizen in the community. Responsiveness Principle- based on the belief that employees have a responsibility to move to requests for information about the operations from the various stakeholders.5)What are the four types of unintentional unethical behavior? Implicit Prejudice- occurs based on unconscious beliefs. Common examples include biases based on ethnic and gender differences. In-Group Favoritism- occurs when a decision maker forms a bias toward individuals in the same group as the decision maker. An exemplification would be if a boss favors employees who share the same political party association.Actual or Potential Conflicts of Interest- occurs when there are personal benefits for making a decision that are not available to others. Claiming Credit for Others Actions- occurs when the decision makers believe that they are above average in their job duties, responsibilities, and general intellect, which results in above average performance. An example would be when an individual group member feels that he/she contributed more than he/she actually did to the groups overall performance.6)Briefly compare and contrast moral, immoral, and amoral managers. Immoral manager- one who not only does not care how his/her decisions impact the stakeholders, but the actions are actively counter to what is the right and ethical thing to do. They focus on only their own goals and the goals of the company and consider law requirements as constraints or barriers that are ignored when their cor porate actions are implemented. Amoral manager- one who would be considered ethically neutral.An amoral manager does not focus proactively on ethical issues nor does he/she try to purposely go against the social and legal norms that are expected of the firm by society. The danger with an amoral manager is that because ethical considerations are not contemplated in the decision-making process, the manager may unintentionally commit unethical acts and not realize the impact the decision had on various stakeholders. Moral managers- one who understands the importance and relevance of considering ethical issues when they are making decisions. These managers not only meet the minimal legal standards, but in like manner are proactive in presenting ethical leadership to the firms employees and other stakeholders.7)Define Corporate Social ResponsibilityCorporate responsibility is the obligation that companies have to develop and implement courses of action that aid in social issues that imp act society. This term is used by corporations to signify several topics including legal responsibility, fiduciary duty, legitimacy, and charitable donations.8)Define the c erstpt of stakeholder as it applies to business ethics Stakeholders are defined as any group that has a vested interest in the operations of the firm. handed-down stakeholders for a firm include employees, suppliers, stockholders, customers, the government, local communities, and society as a whole. Stakeholders have a vested interest in the firm therefore, they are greatly wedge by the ethical behavior of the firm, including economical, legal, and environmental concerns.9)Read case 7 on pages 265-283 of the textbook and answer questions 1, 2, and 3 on page 283 What are cookie thrill reserves? Explain Enrons use of this concept. Cookie jar reserves are funds set aside by a firm to be used to adjust the financial performance in any given point of time. The purpose of the reserve is that it allows the firm to i ncrease its financial performance by transferring the reserves into the current period financial statements to help control the financial performance of the firm. Enron is the perfect example of using these reserves because of two very complaisant factors. The first is that Enron dealt in long term energy contracts that are difficult to calculate a true market value. As a result, Enron had the opportunity to prepare all the years of the contract within a one-year window allowing them to manipulate the financial statements. This manipulation would only work if you have a co-operative orthogonal auditor. David Duncan of Arthur Andersen was very accommodating to Enron in this manner and accepted this type of aggressive accounting.Identify as many stakeholders as you can in this case. For each, explain how they were affected by the events surrounding the demise of Enron. Employees- the employees were devastated by the demise of Enron. Not only did they lose their jobs, but also for a vast majority of the employees all of their solitude funds were in Enron stock. They were not allowed to sell the stock during the quick fall so they ended up with virtually nothing in their retirement accounts at the end of Enron. Stockholders- The stockholders also were severely impacted by the demise of Enron. The free fall of the Enron stock until it was worthless than $1 ensured that the stockholder endured heavy losses in their Enron investment. Government- After a sluggish start, the sec became very involved in the operations of Enron.A number of top-level executives were tried by the justice department as well as millions of dollars recovered in restitution to help contribute for the losses endured by the employees and the stockholders. Suppliers- The suppliers also were left with little recourse once Enron went bankrupt. either the top priority secured creditors would get the first chance to recover their money from Enron. Unless the supplier was a secured creditor, t hey may have received very little from Enron once it declared bankruptcy. Local Community- The Houston community was severely impacted by the demise of Enron. Not only was Houston a home for a number of Enron employees, but also the image of the city was negatively impacted by the demise of Enron. It also did not help that the professional baseball park was called Enron Field (it is now named aft(prenominal) fruit juice producer, Minute Maid).Summarize the main points of this case in one succinct paragraph. The case is about greed in the highest order. The company from its inventory quickly focused on increasing market capitalization at any cost. Employees were selected based on how well they could play the game. The winners were rewarded handsomely and the losers were fired. The corporate finish was one in which it was Enron against the world and Enron kept on winning. However, like a Trojan horse, the true Enron was hollow inside. Once the house of cards collapsed, it was left to the stockholders and the employees to disrupt up the pieces.Update on Case (not part of the assignment)- In 2007, Credit Suisse paid $61.5 million, UBS agreed to pay $115 million and Deutsche Bank agreed to pay $25 million to settle litigation pertaining to their role in the Enron fraud. In January 2008, former lead auditor at Arthur Andersen, David Duncan, agreed to settled allegations filed by the SEC that he had violated securities law by signing audit reports that were false and misleading. No fine was issued but Duncan was barred from appearing before the SEC as an accountant. In March 2008, Citigroup settled litigation claims against it for it actions during the Enron scandal for $1.66 billion.

How to Fix Social Security Number Essay

The accessible security measure numbers (SSN) are used to identify participants in the federal governments social security program, which uses public funds to provide retirement and disability benefits for those who those who are currently eligible, same benefits goes to the worker himself and his family. It is the Social gage Agency (SSA) that provides the social security number (www. standord. edu). The social security number is unique to every individual holder this is why the government and other agencies used it primarily for identification and administrative purposes.Thus, it offer be used for several transactions in the bank, in school or in the company where you work. However, it tin can be very assailable for identity theft. When such instances occur, several steps should be undertaken. If someone knew your number, he can acquire personal informations about you and used your crap either for work purposes or to get credit. File a complaint to the Federal Trade Commissi on through internet (www. consumer.gov/idtheft) or telephone (1-877-IDTHEFT 1-877-438-4338). You can also check your social security statement to determine if there are errors in your earnings account. If someone uses your SSN for credit, contact the creditor who approved the credit because file a police report. Call or e-mail fraud department of any of the following credit agencies Equifax, www. equifax. com Experian, www. experian. com and TransUnion, www. transunion. com, to help fix your credit records (www. ssa. gov).You can ask them to place a flag on your records that requires the creditors to contact you before approving credits under your name and number, indicate how long your account exit be flag and request for a statement on your credit report, however be sure to put your name and contact information for them to confab you (www. pueblo. gsa. gov). Another option is to get a new SSN, however it is not guaranteed that it will solved the problem, and you can also contac t the Security System for more(prenominal) of your inquiries (www. socialsecurity. gov).ReferencesBechtel International Center. 2006, April 18. Social Security Number. Retrieved April 18, 2008 from, http//www. stanford. edu/dept/icenter/new/orientation/SOCIAL_SECURITY_NUMBER. htm Social Security Online. 2007. Identity Theft And Your Social Security Number. Retrieved April 18, 2008 from, http//www. pueblo. gsa. gov/cic_text/money/idtheftssn/yourssn. html Social Security Online. 2008, January 14. When Someone Else Uses Your Social Security Number. Retrieved April 18, 2008 from, http//www. ssa. gov/oig/hotline/when. htm

Confucionism vs Legalism Essay

Amidst the chaos of political instability and constant warfare during Chinas Period of Warring States, two new philosophies emerged. Legalism and Confucianism were two of the philosophies intellectual thinkers developed to soften and stop the mayhem of China before it could be conquered by a greater nation. Confucianism became the paramount school of thinking and later signicant philosophies such as and Legalism gained immense recognition as well. Each society had their own proposals for creating an idealistic political society where the more problems they faced in their everyday lives could be eliminated. twain approaches were very distinct, but at the same cartridge clip they contained certain similarities as well.Confucianism disfavored a harsh giving medication. Confucius urged to point the people with virtue and rituals as opposed to government policies and punishments. He believed that the ruler should gain respect done his deeds rather than achieving it through his st atus and authority. Confucianists disliked government that employed killing and wished for a non offensive rule. They believed individuals should foster compassion, humility and moderation for a successful society, whereas Legalism believed the people should be controlled by fear and aggression. Legalists had a ruthless approach to crimes and even the smallest of unlawful acts resulted in harsh punishment.Legalism and Confucianism both provided structure and stability for the time they were utilise. Out of Legalism and Confucianism, Legalism was a success in the sense that it achieved what the other desperately strove for the unication of China. Even though it only lasted twelve years. Many of the Legalist ideas were quite thought provoking and praiseworthy they believed in equality for all and government according to merit. However, the system gained a rotten reputation according to the ruthless rule of the FirstEmperor. Confucianism and then became the ofcial Philosophy, gain ing wide acceptance in China.The Confucian and Legalist governments had very different morals in which their people should be treated. In Confucian government a ruler had to lead by example and be an general virtuous person for his subjects to obey him. Government existed for thebenet of the people, not the other way around. commonwealth should spot each other and treat everyone with respect. In Legalist government the people are there to serve the government. People are ruled by fear and violence. Citizen should not focus on being loving and caring. Instead, they should snitch on everyone around them and report and law breaking.According to them, a strong rule with a harsh hand was necessary in order to keep the citizens from growing lazy and disrespecting the authority. One central resultant role which interested ancient Chinese thinkers was how to regulate human relations and how to govern a country. Under the Qin dynasty Legalism achieved what many other philosophies wishe d- control and unication of China. Similarities united the two because they had a single goal, but different strategies to fulll it. After quintuple rebellions against Legalist rule, Confucianism dominated the competition and accomplished the structure and stability that was needed for a successful and evolving civilization.Site used http//www.international-relations.com/wbcm5-1/wbrule.htm

Evaluating and Engaging Wal-Mart Argument

He believes t is best for our economic system. Malaria provides a much stronger argument than author Dan Levine. This assumption is supported by various rhetorical strategies. In contrast, Levine consistently commits fallacies. Author Dan Levine of Wall-Marts Big urban center Blues argues against Wall-Mart because it does not abide by the Miming wage ordinance of Hartford, CT. The use of rhetorical strategies and fallacies In both essays will be evaluated to bettor determine if one authors argument Is more legitimate than the other. Mulligans essay is swell composed of legitimated claims with purported reasoning.He expresses his thoughts very clearly along with the use of rhetorical strategies. Rhetorical strategies are tremendously multipurpose when making claims or arguments. The first rhetorical strategy Malaria uses is citing experts. When he declares, Wall-Mart has led a productivity rotary motion In re-tattling which supercharged the economy, Malaria emphasizes that Wa rren Buffet himself declares that Wall-Mart has contributed more than any other business to the health of the economy (688) to further help his argument that Wall-Mart has provided more bobs and cheaper way of living.Citing experts is an effective way to convince someone because doing so provides the reader with insight that someone with experience agrees with the argument made. This creates logos which is a logic. Analogies are also semiprecious when arguing. This strategy helps the reader better understand a difficult topic by comparing It to, a more simple situation. Malaria references Wall- Mart as company that has been pulverize unionized grocery stores. Malaria also uses extended illustrations, providing examples, and anticipating arguments as a strategy.He demonstrates truth behind his claims by acknowledging that unions attempted to boycott the company as a Merchant of Shame. The boycott go no results, but the coalition has more effectively waged legislative battles near the country. In anti-Wall-Mart coalition has successfully lobbied more than a dozen cycles and towns to pass ordinances to keep Wall-Mart out, while hemorrhoid of other such bills are in the legislative hopper (Malaria 688). Although his essay includes a wide kind of strategies, it is not an example of a perfect essay.He includes problematic sentences in his textbook edition also known as a illusion. Fallacies are often identified to point-out flaws and weaknesses in ones argument. The phantasm that was most evident in his text would be considered to be card-stacking. Malaria displays card stacking by expressing how Los Angles Economic Development Council estimated that Wall-Mart would save Southern California shoppers $3. 76 billion annually and create up to 36,000 new Jobs. Just because this one study supports his claim, it does not compressed this is true in every other state. Dan Levine commits many fallacies throughout his text.He begins his first arcograph by asserting that Wall-Mart is position its sights on unfamiliar urban territory a grassy lot in Hartford, Connecticut (685). This fallacy is called scare tactics. This tactic is based around the ethical appeal which deals with morals (right from wrong. ) The second fallacy he commits is bandwagon. Levine bandwagons activist by affirming that they have published a living-wage ordinance in 110 cities and country since the mid-sass. This fallacy focuses on the common saying majority rules. On the following page he references Jon commons who is a director of the Working Families Party in Connecticut.Green asks should Wall-Mart provide living- wage Jobs and affordable health benefits, or not? (686) Green then says thats a different kind of question than, should there be nothing, or should there be a massive retail development? Politically, we think thats a better wedge for us (686). Levine is utilise Jon Green in his text to commit the testimonial fallacy. Authors use testimonials to sale themse lves by citing experts in their text to Justify one to believing their claim. Olivines essay is not completely compelled with fallacies though. He also incorporates useful rhetorical strategies.The first strategy that was brought to attention was dividing and explaining. He explains how activist created a living-wage ordinance in 110 cities and countries. typically those laws require companies seeking city contracts, property tax abatements or other public subsidies to pay their employees a living wage, which can come to several dollars above hourly minimum-wage rates (685). This strategy is extremely useful to incorporate in an essay. Broad topics can be misleading and hard to comprehend. Making steps or simplifying their evaluation helps the reader follow what he or she is trying to say.Another strategy he uses is stats and facts. Levine declares that Wall-Marts static are remarkable and compares their annual sales to gross domestic product of Austria. Austria is a big rich Europe an country, so to be compared to that specific country means a lot. Both Levine and Malaria displayed strengths and weaknesses throughout their essays. Malaria exhibited many rhetorical strategies along with a couple of fallacies while Steven Levine displayed the exact opposite. Aside from the rhetorical strengths that were used Malaria held a better argument.

Random Acts of Kindness

During one of my Online Facebook sessions, I was watching a video on stochastic acts of good-heartedness called Validation, it reminded me that performing random acts of kindness like simply complimenting people is something that I take on to incorporate more into my emotional state on a regular basis. I actually had a cranky feeling inside knowing that many people have done so many kind things to me. I too have done many kind things to others but, I had still not unflinching to incorporate this small thing into my life. I immediately realized that life is ab forth being a blessing to others however, there are times when people need to see tangible things done for them.When we have things that are tangible, it is one way to help others see Christ in us. I found out that there are many ways to show random acts of kindness. I had the opportunity to put this construct into action in several ways since our last class. On November 3rd 2013 I experienced firsthand what a difference I can make in young childrens lives by pass time with them and telling them about a wonderful savior that has a given a salve gift and that all we have to do is except him into our lives.I and my family lived in the Central part of Beavercreek Oregon in a 1800 square foot house on an eighth of an acre. We had a pretty good life as kids and there was always food on the table in our house. At the age of 18 I had decided to get involved in my church I had been attending for a picayune over a year. I talked to the pastor and got a hold of the Childrens ministry Pastor and she set me up to help with a class 4 days later. When I stepped into the classroom I immediately was overwhelmed with mirth and a heart serve really serve these young children.After that first day I had many compliments about what an amazing impact I had on these kids and I now volunteer all(prenominal) other week there. Remember that your life can make a huge impact on people young and old. We have a savior that asphyxiated for us on a cross and we should offspring that favor by serving others. I hope you are impacted by this essay in someway and that you can start to make a difference in your community. As a you participator of God I have learned that through prayer and trust in the lord that he knows what is right for all of his children that we can make a difference.If we rely on God and not on our own understanding we are destined for success. John 316 says, For God so love the world that he gave his only son, that whoever would believe in him would not perish but have sodding(a) life. All we have to except this free gift that God has given us and you will be saved. God sent his only son Jesus to come down to this earth to die on the cross for our sins so we can have the hope of heaven and not have to a die a horrible death. I hope you can come to know your savior and believe in the one who created you.

Business Ethics Code of Conduct

Any improper sort or violation of an disposals calculate of canalise is a serious eachegation to bring against both the company or an individual inside the organization. In the case of this occurring, a report structure is ind heartying in dealing with both the situation itself and the employees who are responsible for the issues happening.A mandatory insurance coverage structure is compulsory for many aspects of business, from employee grievances to performance and salary related activities, such as commission or bonus payments for heavy(p) work. Ethical and moral issues also need to be covered by some kind of reporting scheme.In this case, if a collegial and supportive atmosphere exists in the workplace then an ethical code of conduct is required in order to maintain, and not upset this working environment. A code of conduct is a general statement of intent by an organization to promote ethical and mor every(prenominal)y sound behavior amongst staff, and usually states the required actions of staff members in case of any ethical issue, or at least gives staff members a way of reporting any issues of a morally unsound nature or ethically dubious actions taken by staff, or in some cases customers.Designing a system of reporting that does not damage the collegial and supportive structure is a very difficult one, as it unavoidably to be sufficiently secure so that complainants are not singled out for abuse, and also that those being describe on are able to defend their actions without any prejudice. The reporting structure would need to be created in a similar way to the operational structure of reporting, through in-between management up to the high board level, where major issues are resolved.However it is also possible to employ a code of conduct in order to achieve similar aims as a reporting structure. Setting out a measuring rod that everyone has to adhere to, or face the consequences is one way of making this reporting structure work, as middle management become responsible for employee actions, as well as their ethical and moral obligations to the company and to the spikeholders. If this code is broken, then the employee would be subject to a similar disciplinary procedure as if they had committed a criminal act, or an act of sexual harassment.Then the supportive structure is not damaged, and the incentive in on the employees to perform ethically and morally. 2. Corporations consent a social responsibility to the various groups associated with them. These groups, called stakeholders represent many groups of people, or organizations who deal with the company in every way, such as the shareholders of the business who have invested money in it as well as the local community in which the business operates. These groups should affect the way the organization operates and behaves, hopefully in a responsible way.Organizations cannot have responsibility, as only people can have responsibility, and this leads to a conflic t in the discussion of this subject. The context is that each company has responsibilities to each employee of that company, as well as the shareholders who have a monetary investing in the company. Therefore the organization has to be held responsible to these groups, so should by default be responsible for every other group that has some stake in the operation.Some, including Milton Friedman, believe that a corporations responsibility lie purely with its shareholders, and that to have social responsibility jeopardizes say-so profits and is therefore a bad business decision meaning a business cannot potentially damage itself by having a conscience. All organizations do have a social responsibility to all groups that they interact with because they are offering a product or service that has to be sustainable and up to now profitable as well as being conducted ethically.The major responsibilities of an organization lie with protecting the investment of the shareholders and with it s employees and the local community. As well as this, making ethical business decisions with the best interests of the shareholders and the employees is critical in how the business operates. Therefore board consideration is needed to ensure that decisions are made with the best interests of all groups of stakeholders at heart.

Kentucky Fried Chicken Essay

Kentucky Fried Chicken (KFC) is a franchising fast provender brand that was founded by Harland Sanders in 1956 and bases its core business in a enigma seasoning incorporate of eleven herbs and spices recipe to fry chicken. The KFC through the last decades became one of the most famous fast pabulum brands in the world with subsidiaries and franchising in different region of the world. One of the purposes of KFC is to stabilize and streng then(prenominal) its presence in the North Asia, with particular(prenominal) attention to Japan. In this artless KFC is already pre displace with more than 400 broths among companionship and Franchise. Analyzing the situation through the Porters 5 forces we female genital organ consider the competitiveness of the merchandise gamy competitive to enter and to be into the market for the presence in it of strong multinational competitors such as McDonalds that introduce different kind of substitute harvesting, but no one like the KFC secret r ecipe. All this competitors create high barrier and push away the possibility of red-hot entries in blue it costs too much to try to enter both in terms of cash then in efforts.On the other hand raw materials are easily recoverable and KFC underside pound from one supplier to the other without any problem, totally different for the customers that befool a wide pickaxe of overlaps of similar category. Through the 5 forces analysis it is practicable to say that competitiveness of the market is medium/high level. In enact to identify and to evaluate KFC persuasivenesss and weaknesses we are going to analyze KFC strengths and weaknesses and how are them related with possible opportunities and threats. Main important aspects of this brand are the uniqueness of the fry chicken recipe (so the crossroad) and the strong franchising ante up the sack they had that make KFC a well know brand but on the other hand this strength hide weakness inside because create a impression diffe rentiation of product in portfolio with low level of chance to create innovative product. More than that they are selling junk food that is in contrast with the past few years healthy trend but it creates a big luck to create a new healthy chicken recipe.The KFC entered in Japan with a partner that created a link between them and the local culture and trends culture that start to change teensy by little under the pressure of the youngest that look at U.S.A. as a model to imitate and replicate, but it to a fault create contrast between local and U.S.A. HQ thatbrought a lack in the attend of the transcription due to a poor short term strategy and a lack in the franchising force out maturement in the Asia district. This elements reflect in prejudicious way on demand that is really sensible to price and quality. There are a few possible strategies that KFC can do in tack together to fix its problems and re-lunch the brand non just in Japan but also in those markets where KFC is not present yet First Strategy can be characterized by a high symmetry of standardization of the protocol and the procedures to acquire a strong routine enter in a KFC breed in Dubai has to be equal to enter in one in Japan or in USA. This can bring to develop and em proponenting a strong economy of scope.The main product lines pass on to be the equivalent for each store in the world. As expansion strategy KFC has to look for the growing country with the higher Compound Annual Growth Rate (CAGR), following step by step the development of the brand in that area with a rigid control system. Periodical get over has to be sent to the central HQ in order to see the trend of the market and take the decision of couch more or disinvest according to the data. The control has to be done at regional level that has also the duty to indicate and identify new potential profitable market. Locally every store have to follow routine and habits of the brand with the chance to made up few new p roduct in order to get closer to the local habits and needs. Stores, also, have to report periodically their trend for a strict control of the KFC standard. A Second Strategy can be developed with the decentralization of the power by the KFC in order to create several regional HQ completely autonomous from the U.S.A.Company that has just the power to take the decision to invest or not in a new potential market or country. The target should be a growing country with higher CAGR and KFC has to finance, give the first input to enter in the new market, and then create a regional HQ and leave all the get it on to it. The regional HQ in case of negative trend can be evaluated in order to take the decision if produce more effort and try to ease that market with new investment or disinvest and close that branch. As we said the regional HQ are total independent and it is their duty to identify regional behavior and local habits in order to manipulate the product, merchandising, advertising of the brand to suit regional commonwealth needs increasing awareness and willingness to purchase.At regional level it is also important to evaluate constantly the trend and the performance of localproduct in order to take quick decision and continue investing or close the product line (same for subsidiary and franchising store). Locally stores have to report periodically their trend to the regional HQ for evaluation, they have to ensure minimum standard revenue level, positive feedback from client, and follow the procedures. Every store have to be closer and closer to customer needs and habit, clients have to have the feeling to be at seat when they are in a KFC store. In the Third Strategy KFC has to set up the main rules and protocols that have to be followed. With a strong standardization of the main core product create a braggy economy of scope, but it has to let free the regional and local organization to decide autonomously for size and sum of money of product sold in or der to follow local needs. The KFC administration has to export the brand aiming to the develop country as new potential market with a strong financial investment purpose in market research (to know and understand local needs and habits), advertising (to increase awareness) and fit venture with local partnership.Periodically it has to review the performance of the markets in which it is present. In case of a negative profile, analyze the causes and, in the absence of advantageous solutions, not be reluctant to disinvest in that particular market. The regional administration has to be the link between the central HQ and every single store. It has to control and report periodically the right application of the procedures, quality standard, routine and the correct application of rules and protocol. It also has the issue to make research on population area behavior, attitude and habit in order to honour the lever that can improve the brand in that particular region in terms of aware ness, willingness to purchase, and customers propitiation the aim is to discover a product that can both fulfill the taste and the desire of population and, at the same time, be in line with the company policy.Not less important assess at regional level is to discover, identify and evaluate potential new market areas where the company can invest. Locally stores have to follow rules and protocols settled by the Central HQ and periodically report the cognitive process trends to regional level. Local stores have to help to study in deep population needs and report the result to regional level. Not less important is that stores have to guarantee minimum standard revenues The third strategy is the one I choose because it allows a control by the central HQ that standardize routine andprotocols, but also it let local adjustments to meet population needs and habit. At the same time it aims to a strong expansion plan in developing market and try to do out waste closing the not profitable market. Moreover it builds a strong cooperation between the ternary levels both in market research and in brand development.

Public administration - nyc bike rules policy Term Paper

Public administration - nyc steering wheel rules policy - Term Paper Example ride coalition, has moved to formulate the policy that brush off be implemented to reduce the number of accidents due to bike riders not following bike lane rules in NYC.Whereas there has been a significant level of center on congeal on the pedestrians involvement in the motor vehicle accidents, there has been little attention accorded to the pedestrians who become victims of cycling-related accidents.According to the NYC traffic rules and regulations section 4-12 (p), in the Department of Transportation Traffic Rules, the policy demands for compliance with the directions of the officers in constitute of law enforcementAll the initiatives set in action are coordinated and tracked through the bike programs within the transportation department, and aided by other agencies, among which is the parking and recreation department, the Department of city planning, the bleak York State Department of Transport ation, and the New York City Economic Development Corporation. Following the occurrence of cyclist-related accidents, various patterns of injuries can be observed, including the injuries of the limbs, the abdomen and chest and head injuries. The ill luck of drivers to yield the correct way has been cited as a major factor contributing towards frequent bike crashes. In this respect, therefore, important measures can be put in place, where modifications and improvements can be made on the engineering solutions and the roadway designs.The move to design intersections for the goal of encouraging correct roadway behaviors is important for both the cyclists and pedestrians in the dramatic reduction of accidents in the city. The failure of drivers to yield the correct way has been cited as a major factor contributing towards frequent bicycle crashes. In this respect, therefore, important measures can be put in place, where modifications and improvements can be made on the engineering so lutions and the roadway designs. The NYC administration has been on the forefront in