Software As A Service

Islam papers 1. Characterize the standard convictions of Islam. Islam has numerous significant convictions, which can be classified into the five columns. The main column is the presentation of confidence (shahada). This remembers the conviction for just a single god, Allah. The subsequent column is petition (salat) which incorporates supplicating multiple times every day. The third column is fasting (sawm) during Ramadan (the sacred month), where one can't eat from first light to sunset. The fourth is Almsgiving (zakat) where, the well off deal with the less lucky and provide for a noble cause. The fifth column is the Hajj, a journey to Mecca, which incorporates suffering strict rituals for 10 days. All Muslims should involvement with least once in a blue moon. 2. Portray the essential moral arrangement of Islam. Islam morals are totally guided by the Quran and the Hadith. The Quran and Hadith are the two primary books or sacred texts of the Islam religion, wherein all activities and questions can be responded to being referred to of their moral legitimacy. In the event that these books don't legitimately discuss the current issue, comparative points are taken a gander at in the Quran or Haddith, and by the Qurans expressed convictions, changes are made to recognize the current issue. Notwithstanding the moral framework and utilization of the books, all activities whether they be individual, social or even political, can be ordered into two distinct classifications, Halal (allowed) or Haram (prohibited). There are four distinct levels whatever is viewed as Halal. There is 1) compulsory 2) suggested 3) passable and 4) debilitated however permitted. Thusly, in view of these principles all activities can be chosen whether they are morally right or wrong. Furthermore, all Muslims have two kinds o f obligations. The first is their obligations to Allah, which included articulate accommodation to him. The second is their obligations to mankind, which incorporates good cause. All in all, it is ... <!

Entire Course Essay

PSY 103 Week 1 Origins of Psychology and Research Methods Worksheet PSY 103 Week 2 Learning Experience PSY 103 Week 3 Bipolar Disorder Outline PSY 103 Week 3 Remembering, Feeling, and Thinking Worksheet PSY 103 Week 4 Lifespan Development and Personality PSY 103 Week 5 Influences on Behavior and Psychological Disorders Presentation Your second year of school is the ideal time to join the SGA (Student Government Association). As a first year recruit, you won't have enough understanding to have any kind of effect as an individual from the understudy government. Rather, spend your first year building up your political position and making sense of how your school’s government runs. In this record of PSY 103 Entire Course you will locate the following documents: PSY 103 Bipolar Disorder Outline.doc PSY 103 Bipolar Disorder.ppt PSY 103 Learning Experience paper week 2 Psychology class.doc PSY 103 Learning Experience-Z.doc PSY 103 Learning Experience.doc PSY 103 Lifespan Development and Personality.doc PSY 103 Origins of Psychology and Research Methods Worksheet.doc PSY 103 Remembering, Feeling, and Thinking Worksheet.doc Psychology †General Psychology PSY 103 Week 1 Origins of Psychology and Research Methods Worksheet PSY 103 Week 2 Learning Experience PSY 103 Week 3 Bipolar Disorder Outline PSY 103 Week 3 Remembering, Feeling, and Thinking Worksheet †¦ To download this instructional exercise follow the connection †https://bitly.com/1oJK58F Your second year of school is the ideal time to join the SGA (Student Government Association). As a rookie, you won't have enough understanding to have any kind of effect as an individual from the understudy government. Rather, spend your first year building up your political position and making sense of how your school’s government runs. Brain science †General Psychology PSY 103 Week 1 Origins of Psychology and Research Methods Worksheet PSY 103 Week 2 Learning Experience PSY 103 Week 3 Bipolar Disorder Outline PSY 103 Week 3 Remembering, Feeling, and Thinking Worksheet PSY 103 Week 4 Lifespan Development and Personality PSY 103 Week 5 Influences on Behavior and Psychological Disorders Presentation

Blog Archive MBA Career News Maintaining Your Network

Blog Archive MBA Career News Maintaining Your Network In this new blog series, our mbaMission Career Coaches offer invaluable advice and industry-related news to help you actively manage your career. Topics include building your network, learning from mistakes and setbacks, perfecting your written communication, and mastering even the toughest interviews. To schedule a free half-hour consultation with one of our mbaMission Career Coaches, click here. We know what you are thinking… After you land that great new job or internship, you can stop networking. Well, not exactly. This surprises some people (and maybe disappoints them), but the best time to network is when you are not seeking a job. Networking when you are working can be helpful for a variety of reasons: Keeps you visible in the job market and within your company: You never know when you will be looking for a different role or when somebody in your network will hear about your dream job. Enables you to reciprocate your network’s helpfulness: You can give back to your contacts in exchange for the help you received while you were conducting your job search. Provides new learning opportunities: You can hear about innovations or challenges in other companies and how they are being addressed. We know that you are busy and your main focus should be excelling at your new role. However, here are a few strategies to help you carve out the time to grow and maintain your network: Track your network. Make notes on each contact, including where you met and what you have discussed; his/her profession, industry, schooling, and relationship to you; and the date of your last contact as well as when/how you will reach out again. Prioritize or categorize your network so you can figure out how to best allocate your time. Set goals for reconnecting. The frequency with which you reach out to your contacts will depend on a variety of factors, including how close you are to them, their seniority, the opportunity for mutual benefit, and their role/area of focus. Audit your networking tracking sheet every six months to a year to determine if it is still up to date and accurate. Determine the amount of time you want to spend (and have available for) networking. Perhaps you can allocate one hour a week or maybe two hours a month for networking. Add this task to your calendar; do not assume you will just find the time during the week. Attend networking events in your industry and/or those hosted by your undergraduate or graduate alumni associations. Invite your colleagues to attend. Take advantage of any formal mentoring opportunities at work as well as any opportunities to meet more people. Consider joining a cross-functional task force, attending optional training sessions, or volunteering to help with a company-wide initiative. Take the call; when a new contact reaches out to you for networking (i.e., advice), respond. Connect with your network in person (e.g., for coffee/lunch) and not only via email. Lastly, here are a few natural opportunities for reconnecting with your network: Share an update about yourself. (Your new job is a great opportunity to loop back to people in your network to update them, thank them for their support, and offer your assistance.) Reach out to your contacts when they receive a new job or post an update/article via LinkedIn. Introduce them to someone else in your network. Let them know when you find an article potentially of interest to them or when you notice they are mentioned in a publication. Alert them when you hear news about them via your network. Follow up on something they said to you about a challenge they were facing, and offer to help. Simply say hello (and maybe once again thank them for their guidance/insights). Have you been admitted to business school? If so, do you want to get a head start on defining your career goals? Do you need help preparing for job interviews or learning how to effectively network with your target employers? Or maybe you want to be a top performer in your current role but are unsure how to maximize your potential. Let an mbaMission Career Coach help via a free 30-minute consultation! Share ThisTweet Career Advice MBA Career News

Free Market Economy - 837 Words

The United States is known to operate in a free market economy. In other words, the economy is based solely on supply and demand with little to no government control. In reality, however, the United States has various government regulations on our country’s market. The amount of regulation that is necessary is a continuing debate among politicians and economists to this day. Some would say that the key to a successful market economy is to remove government restrictions in order to force businesses to provide superior products and services at affordable prices. Yet, others assert that government regulations are essential in protecting consumers, stemming from the assumption that corporations are not always looking out for the public’s interest. Of course, there are various advantages and disadvantages associated with each level of regulation, however it is safe to assume that there must be a balance between an unregulated free market and a regulated economy in order to p rotect people and the environment and allow the economy to flourish. Advantages of a Free Market Economy A free market is driven by individual innovation and the concept that hard work and initiative will be rewarded with success. Because of the ingenuity factor, there is plenty of competition in the market place. Therefore, the rivalry between companies provides the best possible product to the customer at the best price. In addition, this gives consumers the ability to let their voices be heard, sinceShow MoreRelatedFree Market Economies2080 Words   |  8 Pagescentury. As usual the battles were for supremacy and for the right to have colonies all over the globe, because when these wars were raging the whole world was to be re-discovered in some way. Back then navies where the main driving force of the economy and even for the world. They were the only known to man method of transporting goods, slaves and people. History of France France was a pure monarchy for a vast period of its history as an established society of people. During this period peopleRead MoreThe Establishment Of A Free Market Economy964 Words   |  4 PagesThe establishment of a free market economy with the creation of joint-stock companies in the modern-day Netherlands during the 1500-1600s spelt the beginning of capitalism, an economic system which has, since this period, brought untold prosperity to billions throughout the world. Its proliferation throughout Europe is one of the primary reasons why in the centuries thereafter it became the sole hegemon on the world stage, with its greatest embracer, Great Britain, holding sway over a fourth of theRead MoreProgressing into Free Market Economies1048 Words   |  4 Pagesnation to have freer markets than most. According to the 2013 Index of Economic Freedom, the United States ranks as No. 10 in the most free market countries, while Zimbabwe ranks No. 175 out of the 177 countries listed. (1 ) How are countries like Hong Kong, New Zealand, and the U.S. ranked so high? With social cooperation, income inequality, comparative advantages, freedom of trade, sound money, reductions in taxes and regulations, and protection of property rights, more markets in other countriesRead MoreFree Market Economy Essay461 Words   |  2 PagesA free market is a type of market that the government is not involved in. Since the government does not care about what happens, the free market is also called â€Å"hands-off† or â€Å"let it be economics†. The government is limited to protect the citizens from the danger and that is the major goal for the government. In the free market economy, there are three components of the free market economy: competition, active but limited government, and the self-interest. Competition is one of the main componentsRead MoreConsumerism And Free Market Economy1509 Words   |  7 Pagesessential in the enhancement of capitalism and free market economy. It can also lead to innovation competition of companies in meeting the needs of consumers. However, Commercialism can lead to an increase in wasteful consumption or consumerism. It can also lead to the depletion of natural resources in trying to meet the consumption needs of the people. Although commercialism have it draw backs, it is not all bad; commercialism promotes capitalism and free trade both of which are very essential in ourRead MoreA Free Market Economy Is Better Than Command Economy Essay1247 Words   |  5 PagesA Free-market economy is better than Command economy Free-market and Command economy are the two-major economy system. It has sparked years of controversies among individuals over which system is better. However, no agreement has been reached. Meanwhile, it is obvious that free-market economy predominates all around the world as the majority of countries are following an economy which free-market process the dominating position. The significant difference between is whether government interventionRead MoreThe Differences between Command Economies and Free Market Economies478 Words   |  2 PagesThe Differences between Command Economies and Free Market Economies The prime difference between command economies and free market economies is the method used to answer the three central questions of what, for whom, and how? Each of these questions relates to production. In a free market economy, the answers to these questions are decided by the consumer and overseen by a government that practices a laissez-faire economic policy. Production is decided on a supplyRead MoreDifference Between Command Economy And Free Market Economy1617 Words   |  7 Pagesdifference between command economy and free market economy is the degree of government intervention and the reliance of market to determine prices (Cherunilam, 2009). Command market is the system in which the market is centrally controlled and regulated by the government; free market economy is the system demand and supply determine the market prices and regulations. However, mixed economy is a combination of Command and Free market economy (Bogolib, 2013); the market price is determined by demandRead MoreMain Economic Characteristics Of A Free Market Economy1506 Words   |  7 PagesThough there are three different types of economies that exist – free market economy, planned (also known as command) economy, and mixed economy, this essay will focus mainly on free market and planned economies. It will examine the main economic characteristics of each of the two economies and compare how they differ from each other, while in relation to the UK public sector. A free market economy is based on supply and demand and all major economic decisions are made by individual economic agentsRead MoreThe American Economy Is Characterized By A Free Market System2295 Words   |  10 Pages The American economy is characterized by a free-market system also known as capitalism. The basic tenet of which is that economic transactions are determined in the private sector and that assets and resources are held privately. There are many different economic models that can be used in a country but no country has a purely simplistic style but rather has a mixed model. A mixed model encompasses components of each different model. The U.S. currently dominates the world economy and by doing so

I’Ve Lived In The Same House My Entire Life, In Gardena

I’ve lived in the same house my entire life, in Gardena CA. I still live at home will I attend El Camino. I’m the youngest of 6 kids, and there was only 1 boy. I’m not very close to my 3 oldest siblings, I still currently live with my 2 of my siblings, who are directly above me in age (4 and 8 years older). By the time I was old enough to remember, my 3 oldest siblings were already old enough to start their own families, which they did. Erik Erikson has an 8 stage Theory for Child Development and I am going to write about my childhood using 5 of them. The ages that his Theory covers is from birth to age 21, but because I am 20 it will be until my current life. Erikson s first stage is Trust vs. Mistrust, which takes place from birth till†¦show more content†¦The Initiative vs. Guilt ranges from the ages 3-6. My dad worked crazy hours so I spent most of my time with my mom. My siblings were all in school or already moved out. I spent most of my time with my mom, so I talked and interacted more when I was just with her. I enjoyed helping with household things, i.e doing laundry, dinner, learning all my school basics – alphabet and number. I felt included with my mom, and my independences started showing around this age, as long as no one was around. If it was just my mom and me, I was very open and creative but I still never explored much on my own. By this stage, I hadn t grown completely out of my shyness so I remained very reclusive. I’m very independent and open now, creativity is my passion. I love to express myself, mostly through music. The Industry vs. Inferiority stage wasn’t the best one for me, ages 7-12. I hated school, I never wanted to go. I begged my mom every day to let me stay home, and would cry if she made me go. Once I got to school, though, I participated in a lot of the activities that went on. I was very advanced in school work, and knew most of the curriculum before I went to school; this also caused a lot of hate. In my mind, if I knew everything why did I have to go? I was on a dance team by age 8, played piano, karate, soccer, I wasn’t as shy anymore. Even though I was a part of teams at school, I never truly fit in and struggled with going

Early Detection Of Breast Cancer - 971 Words

In women worldwide, more than 1 million women were diagnosed in 2012, making the breast cancer the most commun cancer (1). In United States, breast cancer represent 29% of new cases expected to be diagnosed in 2015 of all cancer, and is one of the most common cancer diagnosed after skin cancer. It is also unfortunatley the second cause of death cancer within women, and 17% death cases are expected in 2015 for invasive breast cancer (IBC), among the new cases (2). Among the 61% of the breast cancer diagnosed at a confined stage, the 5-year survival rate is up to 99%, whereas it can drops to 25% when metastasis can be seen at time of diagnosis(2). The early detection of breast cancer is made by a clinical breast exam and a mammography for most of women, and has shown to reduce mortality since many years (3) with an incidence rate staying stable among women, which is the results of improvement of technics of detection for early diagnosis and treatement (2). Breast cancer can be categorized by many ways such as clinical features, histologic type, or expression of tumor markers. Invasive breast cancer has two major histological types, invasive ductal carcinoma (IDC), which is the most common one and the invasive lobular carcinoma (ILC). ILC is more difficult to detect than IDC because of subtle lesion characteristics(4)(5). Among breast cancer, 20% are breast carcinoma in situ which is realtively common with more than 60000 cases expected to be diagnosed in 2015 (2). The mostShow MoreRelatedBreast Cancer : A Shocking And Very Serious Disease1696 Words   |  7 PagesBreast cancer is a horrifying and very serious disease that should not be underestimated. It is a common cancer in women but the majority of women that are affected by this disease do not know that it can be treated in all sorts of ways or that breast cancer rarely ever appears in the same form more than once. As one of the leading causes of death in the United States, breast cancer is affecting tons of people. Orenstein, a breast cancer survivor, discusses the awareness and education of breast cancerRead MoreBreast Cancer Essay1178 Words   |  5 PagesAbstract: Breast cancer is the second most common cancer in women worldwide. The most common type of breast cancer is ductal carcinoma, which arises in cells that lines breast duct. Many imaging techniques are used for the screening and diagnosis, but typically patients are diagnosed at advanced stage only, and the prognosis is associated with early detection. At present serum and protein biomarkers improving early detection of breast cancer, these make better treatment options with a better responseRead MoreLeah Wyrick. Ms. Basinger. Ap Language And Composition.1685 Words   |  7 PagesLeah Wyrick Ms. Basinger AP Language and Composition 12 May 2017 Breast Cancer Breast cancer is a disease in which most commonly occurs in all women no matter their size, shape, race, or ethnicity. About one in eight women will be diagnosed with breast cancer every year, a fatal disease if not discovered early. Early detection of breast cancer is key so that cancerous cells found in the breast do not spread through other parts of the body. On a positive note, however, significant advances have beenRead MoreBreast Cancer : A Disease1737 Words   |  7 PagesWyrick 1 Leah Wyrick Ms. Basinger AP Language and Composition 12 May 2017 Breast Cancer Breast cancer is a disease in which most commonly occurs in all women no matter their size, shape, race, or ethnicity. About one in eight women will be diagnosed with breast cancer every year, a fatal disease if not discovered early. Early detection of breast cancer is key so that cancerous cells found in the breast do not spread through other parts of the body. On a positive note, however, significant advancesRead MoreEssay on Advanced Technology of the Treatment of Breast Cancer1696 Words   |  7 PagesTreatment of Breast Cancer nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp; This year 203,000 women will be diagnosed with Breast Cancer, and 40,000 of them are expected to die. Breast Cancer is the second leading cause of cancer-related death among women the ages of 35-54. There are numerous ways breast cancer can be treated if found early. The key to treating breast cancer is early detection, beast self-exams, and early mammograms. One out of every eight women will get diagnosed with Breast Cancer this year; thereforeRead MoreThe Treatment Of Breast Cancer1309 Words   |  6 Pages Introduction: Breast cancer is the most common malignant disease occurring in women in Saudi society. After study and research, it found that two-thirds of the injuries in the Saudi society are diagnosed in advanced stages. The reasons for that are the lack of education for necessary of Self-examination and clinical examination annual, leading to the spread of the disease further. In addition to genetic changes, environmental pollution, bad lifestyle , Obesity ,Lack of exercise are also factorsRead MoreThe Survival Rates Of Breast Cancer1373 Words   |  6 Pages Breast Cancer is the most common misfortune in women and second leading cause of death by cancer. Today, woman with breast cancer have a 90% chance of surviving for five years post-diagnosis. However, African American women have a national survival rate of 79%. Socioeconomic barriers and lack of access to health services have crippled African American women in breast cancer advancements. Studies have show that African American women tend to be diagnosed with a higher-stage of cancer because ofRead MoreWomen Should Have 3d Mammograms1394 Words   |  6 Pagestelephones have gone from rotary style with party lines to individual wireless phones the size of your palm. Similarly, mammograms have gone through a transformation due to technological advances. In the past, mammograms were performed by compressing breast tissue, and a series of 2D pictures were taken. This process took a long time and was very painful and uncomfortable. This made many women reluctant to go through the process of mammography; however, in the last few years, a new form of mammographyRead MoreA Brief Look at Breast Cancer Essay1736 Words   |  7 PagesBREAST CANCER Introduction/Background Cancer is characterized by unregulated/uncontrolled growth and spread of abnormal cells. The etiological factors of Cancer include both external factors (tobacco, infectious organisms, chemicals, and radiation) and inherent factors (inherited mutations, hormones, immune conditions, and mutations that occur from metabolism). The etiological factors may act together or in sequence to trigger the development of cancer. It may take several years for the manifestationRead MoreMammograms: Powerful Breast Cancer Essay885 Words   |  4 Pagessafe, low-dose x-ray of the breast. A high-quality mammogram is the most effective tool for detecting breast cancer early. Early detection of breast cancer may allow more treatment options. It could even mean saving your breast or your life. Mammograms are probably the most important tool doctors have to help them diagnose, evaluate, and follow women whove had breast cancer. Mammograms dont prevent breast cancer, but they can save lives by finding brea st cancer as early as possible. There are four

Role of Change Management On Organisational Effectiveness

Question: Discuss about the Role of Change Management On Organisational Effectiveness. Answer: The increasing competition worldwide has fostered the business organisations to continually implement and adapt to new changes for gaining competitive advantage. Changes continually occur in an organization for improving its performance necessary for sustaining in the competitive market of today (Thomas, 2014). Organisational changes refer to new initiatives undertaken by a firm such as in business processes, job roles, structures, behaviours, technologies for enhancing its profitability. Organisations worldwide are implementing change management process for improving their effectiveness and achieving the strategic goals. Businesses around the world aim to enhance their operational efficiency through introducing new changes in order to meet their objectives. Adaptation to new changes has become necessary for businesses in order to achieve sustainable competitive advantage (Armstrong, 2006). In this context, the present essay emphasises on the role of change management in increasing o rganisational effectiveness. For this purpose, a comprehensive literature review is undertaken in the report to provide a wide understanding of the research topic. Literature Review Organisational Effectiveness Organisational effectiveness can be described as the efficiency through which a firm is able to achieve its business objectives and goals (Sims, 2007). It can be stated as the capability of an organisation to deliver the maximum output with minimum utilisation of resources. An organisation with higher efficiency manufactures its product and services without any wastage of its resources. Organisations tend to achieve higher operational efficiency for meeting their desired targets and thereby enhance the profitability. Organisations should possess good leadership, decision-making, flexible organisational structure, efficient work process and skilled human resources in order to achieve higher operational efficiency. The effectiveness of an organisation can be measured through assessing its financial performance, structure, cultural values, beliefs and its human resource policies. Organisational effectiveness is required by the business firms for sustaining in the market and outperformin g the competitors. Strategic use of human, financial and technological resources of an organisation facilitates it to achieve higher operational efficiency (Armstrong and Stephens, 2005). Businesses should achieve higher organisational efficiency for achieving competitive advantage necessary for their sustainable growth and development (Sims, 2007). The management of an organisation can access the areas of improvement through identifying and accessing the difference in the achieved profitability with that of target profitability. This would help senior managers of an organisation to take corrective steps for improving the lack of performance and thus achieve the desired objectives. Organisational effectiveness depends mainly on the successful adaption of changes relating to business processes, structure, job roles, technology and many others. Continual implementation of new and innovative changes is necessary for organisations to sustain in the dynamic business environment and thus achieving higher organisational effectiveness (Armstrong, 2006). Change Management and Its Importance Change management can be defined as preparing and supporting organisational people for successful adaptation of organisational changes for achieving desired outcomes. It can be regarded as a systemic approach to manage the individual as well as organisational changes in order to attain desired success (Anderson and Anderson, 2010). There are mainly two level of change management, that is, individual and organisational change management. Individual changes management refers to gaining an understanding of the employee behaviours and their actions on the implementation of desired changes. It helps in making employees prepare for the adaptation of the necessary changes and motivating them to achieve new set targets and objectives. This can be achieved through providing an in-depth understanding regarding the importance of inculcating respective changes in an organisation for its success and development (Figliomeni, 2011). Organisational change management refers to developing proper strategies for implementing a change in order to ensure its successful adaptation by the employees of an organisation. It involved identification of the major business processes and procedures mainly impacted by the implementation of respective change (Hamilton, 2007). It is followed by providing proper training to employees to improve their skills and competencies so that they are able to successfully adapt to changes implemented. Engagement of employees is absolutely necessary in change management process for gaining success. Organisations should not impose change on people and should focus on gaining support from the employees for achieving success from the its change management process (Anderson and Anderson, 2010). Organisations mainly undertake a specific change for improving its performance by modifying its business processes and structures. Organisational changes are necessary to be introduced for enhancing the operational efficiency and reducing the risk exposure (Somech, 2009). However, the changes implemented must be managed properly through the help of change management process to ensure success. Change management process enables an organisation to acquire proper support, overcome resistance and develop the necessary knowledge in the employees for implementing the changes. Change management process of an organisation is developed on the basis of certain principles. Change management principles include gathering support from employees, understanding the current situation, setting the desired targets, developing an action plan and proper communication flow (Hamilton, 2007). Impact of Change Management on Organisational Effectiveness Successful management of organisational changes is directly related to the performance and profitability of businesses. Organisation efficiency can be assessed through its performance that is directly linked to the effective management of changes (Somech and Wenderow, 2006). The organisations that are able to successfully manage the changes have higher effectiveness. Organisational changes tend to modify the business process and procedures enabling it to achieve desired target quickly and easily. This can involve implementation of new technologies, systems, manpower and internal structure to achieve optimum efficiency through minimum utilisation of resources. Operational efficiency of an organisation is mainly dependent on the business systems and processes that need to continually upgrade through implementation of new and innovative changes. This is necessary for the survival and success of organisations through staying ahead of competition. Thus, organisations need to implement pro per changes in their systems and process continually for improving its performance. This is mainly dependent on the change management process of organisations and thus it can be stated that it plays a vital role in organisational effectiveness (Markovic, 2008). The effectiveness of an organisation can be enhanced through developing its core competencies, customer satisfaction and brand building. This in turn is dependent on the successful implementation and management of changes in an organisation. The introduction of a new technology or process facilitates an organisation to develop a unique product or service. The unique product or service developed can act as core competency of an organisation providing it a strategic competitive advantage (Somech and Wenderow, 2006). The quality of products and services of a firm is also likely to increase with the introduction of new organisational changes. This would help a business firm to achieve customer satisfaction and thus increasing its sales and profitability. Increased customer satisfaction would ultimately lead to customer retention and increasing loyal customer base of the firm (Markovic, 2008). The change management process would result in brand building of an organisation by acquiring new customer segments (Somech, 2009). Thus, change management offers an attractive opportunity to the organisations to gain access to international markets. This will help the organisations to spread the risk, gain access to new sources of finance, reduction in operational cost and numerous technological advantages (Xue, 2016). Therefore, it can be said that successful implementation of change management process is absolutely necessary for enhancing the organisational effectiveness (Pieterse et al., 2012). It results in employee empowerment through enhancing their skills and organisational commitment. It also facilitate in implementing necessary changes in organisation structure according to the desired objectives to be attained. In addition to this, organisational changes also facilitates in streamlining of business processes so that businesses can easily thrive in dynamic environment. Change management also helps the organisations to attain sustainable growth and mitigate the business risks thus increasing its chances of survival (Xue, 2016.). The major steps involved in change management process of an organisation are as follows: Gaining understanding of employees and organisation readiness Gaining a proper understanding of the capability of employees and organisations to accept the change is of utmost importance in change management process. This includes complete assessment of knowledge, skills, abilities and competencies of employees to identify the problems that can be faced by them with the introduction of a specific change (Thomas, 2014). This would help the Human Resource Department of an organisation to develop training plan to improve the skills and competencies of employees for accepting the change. Organisational assessment would involve analysing financial, technological and human resources to identify the readiness of an organisation to implement the change (Anderson and Anderson, 2010). Change Management Strategy Change management strategy involves developing a vision to identify the processes and procedures to be impacted by the implementation of a specific organisational change. It should also take into account the resources to be acquired by the organisation for the successful implementation of the desired change (Pieterse et al., 2012). The vision developed by the senior management of an organisation must be communicated properly to all the lower levels so that all employees get full knowledge of the respective change. Strong leadership of top management is necessary for motivating the employees to accept the change planned to be introduced in an organisation. Complete dedication and commitment of senior management is required for convincing the employees to accept the specific change (Vioet, 2013). In this context, transformational leadership theory states that a leader should involve all its subordinates in creating a vision that would help in the implementation and execution of a requi red change. Transformational leaders seek to motivate their subordinates by involving them in all stages of change management process that results in enhancing their organisational commitment. Therefore, senior managers need to inculcate transformational leadership style for achieving success through change management (Krause, Gebert and Kearney, 2007). Overcoming Barriers to Change Organisations need to overcome and minimise the resistance of employees to change through providing them proper understanding of the employee benefits with the introduction of a specific change (Belias and Koustelios, 2014). This involves development of a proper communication flow so that all the necessary information regarding the change reaches to each and every employee of an organisation (Malek and Yazdanifard, 2012). Implementation and Monitoring of Organisational change The successful execution of organisational change depends on its proper acceptance by the employees and the availability of all the resources at the organisational level. Management of an organisation holds the responsibility of developing confidence in employees so that they can easily adapt to a respective change (Vioet, 2013). In this context, expectancy theory of motivation states that employees must be motivated to achieve the expected results in the right direction. Employees should feel that the proposed change plan is directly linked to their personal growth and success. Management of an organisation holds the crucial role of making employees believe that the planned change is feasible and would prove to be beneficial for them. Employees ideas and feedbacks should be taken on a regular basis to identify their problems and taking steps for overcoming them during the change management process (Malek and Yazdanifard, 2012). Also, organisations must ensure the availability of all the resources in advance required for the introducing a specific change. The successful implementation of all the above steps is necessary during the change management process of an organisation that is directly related to increasing organisational effectiveness. Conclusion Thus, it can be concluded from the above essay that successful implementation of organisational changes is absolutely necessary for sustaining in the competitive business environment. Organisational effectiveness refers to maximising the organisation performance through improving its profitability. Change management is undertaken by an organisation to improve its performance through modifying the existing structure and processes. The introduction of new business processes and procedures results in higher productivity and quality of firms product and services. This will ultimately result in higher customer satisfaction and brand building of an organisation thereby enhancing its effectiveness. However, top management of an organisation holds the responsibility of communicating all the changes to lower level employees and overcoming their resistance to change. Employee engagement is absolutely necessary for an organisation to achieve success through change management process. References Thomas, O. 2014. Change Management and its Effects on Organizational Performance of Nigerian Telecoms Industries: Empirical Insight from Airtel Nigeria. International Journal of Humanities Social Sciences and Education (IJHSSE) 1(11), pp.170-179. Armstrong, M. 2006. A Handbook of Human Resource Management Practice. Kogan Page Publishers. Sims, R. 2007. Human Resource Management: Contemporary Issues, Challenges, and Opportunities. IAP. Anderson, D. and Anderson, L.A. 2010. Beyond change management: How to achieve breakthrough results through conscious change leadership. United States of America: John Wiley Sons. Armstrong, M. and Stephens, T. 2005. A handbook of management and leadership: A guide to managing for results. Kogan Page Publishers. Xue , C. 2016. Role of leadership in Achieving Sustainable Organizational Change: Steve Jobs. Imperial Journal of Interdisciplinary Research (IJIR) 2 (8), pp. 263-267. Figliomeni, C. 2011. Change management process for information technology. United States of America: Xlibris Corporation. Hamilton, C. 2007. Communicating for results: A guide for business and the professions. 8th ed. Cengage Learning. Krause, D.E., Gebert, D. and Kearney, E. 2007. The benefits of combining delegative-participative with consultative-advisory leadership. Journal of Leadership Organizational Studies 14 (1), pp. 16-25. Somech, A. 2009. The effects of leadership style and team process on performance and innovation in functionally heterogeneous teams. Journal of Management 32(1), pp. 132-157. Somech, A. and Wenderow, M. 2006. The impact of participative and directive leadership o teachers performance: The intervening effects of job structuring, decision domain, and leader-member exchange. Educational Administration Quarterly 42(5), pp. 746-772. Markovic, R. 2008. Effective Organizational Change Management. Serbian Journal of Management 3 (1), pp. 119 125. Vioet, J. 2013. The effectiveness and specificity of change management in a public organisation: Transformational leadership and a bureaucratic organisational structure. European Management Journal xxx, pp. 1-10. Belias, D. and Koustelios, A. 2014. The Impact Of Leadership And Change Management Strategy On Organizational Culture. European Scientific Journal 10 (7), pp. 451-469. Malek, R. and Yazdanifard, R. 2012. Communication as a Crucial Lever in Change Management. International Journal of Research in Management Technology (IJRMT) 2 (1), pp. 52-56. Pieterse, J.H. et al. 2012. Professional discourses and resistance to change. Journal of Organizational Change Management 25(6), pp. 798 818.

The Crucible

The Crucible- Struggles in the Play Essay The Crucible- Struggles in the PlayThe Crucible, by Arthur Miller, is a story that contains many struggles. These struggles come about as a result of the strict Puritan society in which the story takes place. There are two main struggles in the book. The first never actually takes place in the story, but is described many times throughout the first act and is the basis for the trials. It is Abigails and all the other girls need to be free and act like teenagers. The second is the result of the corruption of the trials. It is John Proctors fight to convince the townspeople that the accused women are not witches (especially his wife), and that it is Abigail who should be killed instead. In Puritan society, the role of the child is to be quiet, and stay out of the way. When Abigail is being considered a witch in the first moments of the story, Rev. Paris is very worried about how this will effect his image, and not of the fate of Abigail. We will write a custom essay on The Crucible- Struggles in the Play specifically for you for only $16.38 $13.9/page Order now It is this society where Abigail feels the need to break loose and to act the way a teenager should: freely. This is the reason why she goes dancing in the forest. She is expressing her need to act her age and to break out of the restrictions of Puritan law. Her struggle is to do what she wants in a society that believes in ordering her around. It becomes obvious soon after the trials started that many people were going to be falsely accused by their neighbors as a method of revenge, and as an outlet for their maliciousness. When Abigail uses this case to attack Rebecca Nurse, one of the best Puritans in the Salem, John Proctor begins his efforts to stop the injustice. This increases when Elizabeth Proctor is tried and sentenced to death. This is John Proctors struggle. He must fight to save his wife, his community and eventually himself. In addition, he also has to convince the leaders of Salem that they are mistaken in believing in Abigail. Although Abigail and Proctor are mortal enemies, their struggles can be seen as almost identical. They both need to change the way the higherarchy of Salem is doing things. And also, both of them would just like to live normal lives (however, when Abigail realizes she cannot have this, she goes crazy by accusing everybody). This is shown when John Proctor breaks some of the harsher of the Puritan rule, and that he dislikes all of the speeches about damnation given by Rev. Paris. Unfortunately, the struggle of Abigail goes awry and results in many people dying, while the valiant efforts of John Proctor are unable to save Salem from one of the greatest tragedies in American history. The Crucible The Crucible- Injustice Essay In The Crucible, by Arthur Miller, justice and injustice is portrayed through the characters of John Proctor, Elizabeth Proctor and Abigail Williams. It is also shown through the minor characters of Mary Warren and Mercy Lewis, followers of Abigail Williams, and through Danforth and various townspeople. After Abigail Williams and the girls are discovered dancing in the forest by Reverend Parris, there are rumours of witchcraft among them, when Betty Parris and Ruth Putnam are found â€Å"witched†. Once the girls discover this, they become more and more frightened of being accused of witchcraft. Abigail is the first to â€Å"admit† to seeing the devil, and all the other girls join in, so the blame will not be placed on them. â€Å"I saw Sarah Good with the Devil. I saw Goody Osburn with the Devil. I saw Bridget Bishop with the Devil.† Once the accusations began, many innocent people in the community were taken away. They were then either forced to admit that they were witches, to free themselves from a public hanging, or deny that they were witches, saving their integrity, but subjecting themselves to an unjust public hanging. One of the first people to be charged, was Rebecca Nurse, wife of Francis Nurse, a well-respected man of the community. This disturbance c aused great anxiety amongst the people in Salem, as they would have least suspected Rebecca Nurse to be one to deal with the Devil. â€Å"If Rebecca Nurse be tainted, then nothing’s left to stop the whole green world from burning.† Goody Putnam was the one to accuse her of witchcraft, for the death of her seven babies, but even with no just proof, Rebecca Nurse is hanged for â€Å"sending her spirit out on them.†Wild accusations are flying between people in Salem. In the case of Martha Corey, Walcott accused Corey of witchcraft, to settle a score that had happened four or five years ago. Walcott claimed that after buying a pig from Corey, it died soon after that and â€Å"from that day to this he cannot keep a pig alive for more than four weeks.†Giles Corey, Martha Corey’s husband, was later killed for a different reason. He refused to give the name of a man who heard Putnam say he was â€Å"killing his neighbours for their land.† Giles Core y died an unjust death, great stones placed on his chest, pressing him slowly to death. We will write a custom essay on The Crucible- Injustice specifically for you for only $16.38 $13.9/page Order now Any outrageous claims were taken in by the courts, and everyone had a reason to accuse another, resulting in many innocent deaths. The main accuser, Abigail Williams, had an ulterior motive to destroy Elizabeth Proctor. Beforehand, Abigail had an affair with Elizabeth’s husband, John Proctor, and Abigail believed if she removed Elizabeth, she would have John to herself. Most of Abigail’s allegations were based on false claims, believing the relationship between her and John Proctor to be true love. Because of Abigail’s twisted plot of sticking a needle in herself to signify Elizabeth’s â€Å"familiar spirit† pushing it in, and Cheever finding a poppet in the Proctor’s house, Elizabeth is charged with murder. Proctor realises what Abigail is trying to do, and feels remorse, as he is partly at fault for his relationship with Abigail. â€Å"I’ll not give my wife to vengeance.† At the trial, Proctor no longer tried to protect himself and admits to having an affair with Abigail, explains Abigail’s plan to destroy Elizabeth for revenge. Elizabeth is called in to secure these claims, but does not admit to John being an adulterer, to save his reputation and to protect him. â€Å"Elizabeth, I have confessed it.†Mary Warren, a follower of Abigail Williams and John Proctor’s servant, wanted to confess to the court, the falseness and injustice of the whole incident, the girls imagination running wild, just to save themselves fr om being convicted of witchcraft, themselves. John Proctor learns this truth, and forces Mary to confess, to give justice to the rest of the community. The girls are given a chance to defend themselves against the claim that they were only acting. To prove their innocence, Abigail leads them to act as if Mary Warren had send her spirit in the form of a yellow bird up on the rafters. The girls’ hysterics, causes Mary Warren to break her barrier, and falls to Abigail’s pressure. Mary Warren then lets injustice prevail by accusing John Proctor to be â€Å"the Devil’s man† and her word is believed. Because of Mary’s inability to speak the truth, Proctor is taken away. The court of Salem, was a mockery of the court system, as the court people wanted convictions that suited them. There is a crucial flaw in the court system, when Danforth claims that â€Å"witchcraft is ipso facto, on its face and by its nature, an invisible crime†¦.we must rely upo n her victims-and they do testify..† He suggests that there is no visible evidence, so they must rely on the word of the witnesses along. But he cannot tell if he has unreliable sources or not, but prefers to believe the word of Abigail and the girls, over any other members of the community. When Mary Warren and John Proctor challenge the court proceedings, by Mary admitting that the information that Abigail and the girls are giving are false, the court is hardly convinced. But later when Mary turns her back and accuses John of witchcraft, the court immediately takes this information aboard, and John is taken away. Also, when Elizabeth does not confess to John being an adulterer, this testimony is used to great extent, so to the court people they believe that John was undoubtedly lying. The members of the court bases its judgements on what they want to hear, resulting in many of the accused, dying in an innocent, unjust manner. .u07518a180d1d90759fdaa0bf9f88eac0 , .u07518a180d1d90759fdaa0bf9f88eac0 .postImageUrl , .u07518a180d1d90759fdaa0bf9f88eac0 .centered-text-area { min-height: 80px; position: relative; } .u07518a180d1d90759fdaa0bf9f88eac0 , .u07518a180d1d90759fdaa0bf9f88eac0:hover , .u07518a180d1d90759fdaa0bf9f88eac0:visited , .u07518a180d1d90759fdaa0bf9f88eac0:active { border:0!important; } .u07518a180d1d90759fdaa0bf9f88eac0 .clearfix:after { content: ""; display: table; clear: both; } .u07518a180d1d90759fdaa0bf9f88eac0 { display: block; transition: background-color 250ms; webkit-transition: background-color 250ms; width: 100%; opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #95A5A6; } .u07518a180d1d90759fdaa0bf9f88eac0:active , .u07518a180d1d90759fdaa0bf9f88eac0:hover { opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #2C3E50; } .u07518a180d1d90759fdaa0bf9f88eac0 .centered-text-area { width: 100%; position: relative ; } .u07518a180d1d90759fdaa0bf9f88eac0 .ctaText { border-bottom: 0 solid #fff; color: #2980B9; font-size: 16px; font-weight: bold; margin: 0; padding: 0; text-decoration: underline; } .u07518a180d1d90759fdaa0bf9f88eac0 .postTitle { color: #FFFFFF; font-size: 16px; font-weight: 600; margin: 0; padding: 0; width: 100%; } .u07518a180d1d90759fdaa0bf9f88eac0 .ctaButton { background-color: #7F8C8D!important; color: #2980B9; border: none; border-radius: 3px; box-shadow: none; font-size: 14px; font-weight: bold; line-height: 26px; moz-border-radius: 3px; text-align: center; text-decoration: none; text-shadow: none; width: 80px; min-height: 80px; background: url(https://artscolumbia.org/wp-content/plugins/intelly-related-posts/assets/images/simple-arrow.png)no-repeat; position: absolute; right: 0; top: 0; } .u07518a180d1d90759fdaa0bf9f88eac0:hover .ctaButton { background-color: #34495E!important; } .u07518a180d1d90759fdaa0bf9f88eac0 .centered-text { display: table; height: 80px; padding-left : 18px; top: 0; } .u07518a180d1d90759fdaa0bf9f88eac0 .u07518a180d1d90759fdaa0bf9f88eac0-content { display: table-cell; margin: 0; padding: 0; padding-right: 108px; position: relative; vertical-align: middle; width: 100%; } .u07518a180d1d90759fdaa0bf9f88eac0:after { content: ""; display: block; clear: both; } READ: Christian Elements In Beowulf EssayWhen Proctor â€Å"confesses† to dealing with witchcraft, to save his life, after being told that it would be a public notice, he rips up the confession, as he knows his reputation will be destroyed among people who had respected him. But what matters most is that Proctor would have lost his self-respect, if he had let this lie, take its course. Proctor’s name meant more than his reputation, as it was all he had left after the consequences of dealing with Abigail. â€Å"Because I lie and sign myself to lies! I have give you my soul; leave me my name!† He knew that he could not deal with being seen as a witch in the ey es of the community, and preferred to keep the honour of his name, his loyalty to himself and most of all, his personal integrity. Elizabeth Proctor realised the meaning of his name to him, realising that his name was all he had left to keep him whole. â€Å"He have his goodness now. God forbid I take it from him!†The Crucible mocks the way society deals with justice. Salem is torn apart, due to the extent of Abigail’s imagination and power. It shows the bias of opinions, as it was shown in the court, and how people tend to choose outcomes that suit them. In the end, injustice thrived upon the souls of the community, leaving many innocent people dead. Justice did not prevail, as the heart behind the case, John Proctor preferred to keep his self-respect and integrity, than live a life of lies. English Essays The Crucible The Crucible- Act Four Essay The scene in Act Four of The Crucible, by Arthur Miller, defines the characterization, themes, and conflicts of the play. The scene takes place in a court dungeon where John Proctor, is confronted by his wife Elizabeth for the first time in many months. The couple is imprisoned on having been falsely convicted of practicing witchcraft. While Elizabeth has been held with the rest of the members of the community, John has been isolated in a dark, dingy, dungeon. He is to be hung for his â€Å"crimes† the very next morning. The court officials send Elizabeth in to convince John to confess in writing that he accusations against him are true and that the verdict is just. The conversation that takes place between Proctor and Elizabeth is â€Å"above sorrow, beyond it. † They are bewildered by the hatred against them. They know they have done nothing, and are falsely accused. Yet, even with the glum atmosphere created by the conversation, the reader detects a glimmer of optimism, determination, and hope in Proctor’s voice. We will write a custom essay on The Crucible- Act Four specifically for you for only $16.38 $13.9/page Order now The reader feels that he will fight till the end. â€Å"It is hard to give a lie to dogs. , he says. Proctor continually wavers in his decision whether to confess to this utright lie, or to spite the evil and be hung in martyrdom. Up to this point in time, the court officials have no definitive proof that any witchcraft has actually been practiced. Innocent people are being hung only on account of the testimony given by one young girl. Proctor realizes that by confessing, he will mar the memory of the many who have thus far been killed without confirming the false accusations. These dead would not sign their names falsely just to spare their own life. How could Proctor disrespect the cause that these dead gave their lives for, just to spare himself? Throughout the scene, Elizabeth struggles to let John be the one to decide whether he should spite the court or save his own life. She never provides a definite answer and seems to be in turmoil. Elizabeth states, â€Å"I want you living, John. That’s sure. † Yet, when John asks her whether he should confess so that his life will be saved, she responds, â€Å"Do what you will. But let none be your judge. There be no higher judge under Heaven than Proctor is! Forgive me, forgive me, John–I never knew such goodness in the world! In this scene Elizabeth tells John the story of Giles’ death. Giles would not answer aye or nay to his indictment so that the court would not be allowed to auction off his property. This allows his sons to inherit his property upon his death. The court pressed large stones onto his body to force a confession, yet he would not answer and was killed by the weight of the stones. This shows that we can not submit to the injustice that can be brought about in American society. It also portrays that these people who were wrongly put to death, unselfishly never thought of themselves, only of others. Giles chose a torturous, painful death rather than a sudden, struggle free death so that his family could be well. This scene epitomizes the messages and ideas that Miller tries to portray in his writing of the play. The conversation between John Proctor and Elizabeth exhibits the confusion, suffering, despair, determination, and hope of the victims convicted in this terrible tragedy. Also, the story of Giles portrays the goodness and selflessness of these martyrs. It is for these reasons that this scene is the most compelling and instrumental to the plot, themes, and characters.

New Zealand and hoe it may prosper.

New Zealand and hoe it may prosper. Free Online Research Papers In considering the proposition that national economic prosperity is directly linked to public sector RD investment, two separate issues must be addressed. Firstly, is investment in RD a material driver of national prosperity, and secondly, is prosperity best served by RD investment being publically or privately funded? This paper will discuss both these issues, and will argue that while it is imperative investment in RD in New Zealand is growing; increased investment by the NZ government is important, but not necessarily imperative. Historically, prosperity has been defined as a state of economic growth, with rising incomes and high employment levels. Simply, social well-being is enhanced by economic growth. More recently, prosperity has been defined to include advancement in a number of areas, including economic fundamentals, entrepreneurship, democracy, education, health, safety, freedom and social capital (The Legatum Prosperity Index, 2009). In considering all of these factors, it is evident that long run economic growth on its own does not necessarily deliver prosperity, and furthermore, a nation’s prosperity could well increase with improvements in other factors, excluding economic growth. While this may be the case for nations where economic prosperity far outweighs social prosperity, in the case of New Zealand, long run economic growth will continue to be a major driver of prosperity (ref). New Zealand presently ranks tenth on the Legatum Prosperity Index, an index which ranks countries based on all of the factors which are encompassed in prosperity’s modern definition. Considering each of the individual sub-indexes, a clear pattern emerges. While New Zealand ranks highly in social areas such as democracy, freedom and social capital, it sadly lacks in economic fundamentals, with a ranking of just 27th (The Legatum Prosperity Index, 2009). This appears largely due to New Zealand’s less than optimal export performance, and high reliance on natural resources and the industries which consume them, together with a relatively slow growth in national productivity. This can be improved though economic diversification and growth, adding value to existing output, improving overall productivity (economic output per unit of labour and capital employed). Investment in RD is a major factor in building the human and physical capital needed to drive economic growth. The value of physical and human capital can either be directly increased through investment, or indirectly increased through investment in RD, which drives improvements in technology. As resources are scarce, maximum economic growth can only be achieved through efficient allocation of resources in a way which will provide maximum benefits. According to Tassey, author of the economics of RD policy, economic studies have shown that technology is the single most important factor in increasing economic growth, generating marginal social benefits which greatly exceed that of investment in other areas. This is because, in addition to creating new market opportunities, technology is essential in quality and productivity improvements, the drivers of sustained increases in wages and profits. These increased in wages and profits are in turn the drivers for savings and investment, wh ich drive continued economic growth (Tassey, 2010). Over the past few decades, investment in RD in New Zealand, by both private and public sectors has constantly been lower than that of other developed nations. According to the ministerial report on the OECD innovation strategy, New Zealand’s investment in RD accounts for a mere 1% of GDP, under half of that of the average investment for OECD countries, which ranges from 2 to 5.4% (OECD Innovation Strategy, 2010). Consequently, New Zealand’s economic growth has also lagged behind the OECD average. Considering the clear correlation between economic growth and national levels of RD spend, this would suggest that investment in RD in New Zealand should increase, in order to catch up with the rest of the world. What is not evident from the basic statistics is whether and to what extent the value of RD investment is a matter of quality or quantity. The fact that New Zealand’s investment in RD is relatively low compared with its international peers does not in itself prove that investment in RD needs to grow. As described earlier, investment in RD is only one form of investment, and to claim that RD is the key to our future prosperity may be overstating its importance relative to these other forms. Furthermore, investment in RD which does not result value creation may actually reduce overall productivity. Economic growth requires the efficient allocation of resources, to achieve the best possible outcome. The fact that RD in New Zealand is underrepresented in our national accounts may simply be due to a difference in nature of our economy, making our investment in physical or human capital more efficient relative to other economies. The statistics however do not support this argument. According to Winsley, overall investment in RD produces a risk adjusted marginal social rate of return ranging between 50-70%, almost twice that of physical capital and three times that of human capital, which directly attests to the conclusion that increased investment in RD would be an efficient use of resources (Winsley, 1996). The fact that New Zealand’s economy is much smaller than that of other OECD countries could provide an explanation of why investment in RD is underrepresented, and may also provide an argument that increased investment in RD is not required. Investment in RD is highly influenced by economies of scale, meaning it is much more efficient and cost effective when undertaken on a large scale (Rowe, 2005). This could mean that New Zealand’s underinvestment in RD is warranted, based on the fact that it would be inefficient due its scale. As the benefits of RD are not entirely limited to the country in which they are produced, New Zealand could â€Å"piggyback† off the RD of larger nations, leaving resources to be invested in other areas. This argument falls short however in that prosperity as a country requires a rate of increase relative to other nations, and simply ‘piggybacking’ off ideas and developments will only cause New Zealand to fall behind. Even if a policy of ‘piggybacking’ was adopted, it could be likely New Zealand needs to increase investment in RD regardless, as a means adapting other countries RD investment (Tassey, 2010). Based on these arguments, it can reasonably be established that in order for New Zealand to prosper, investment in RD needs to grow, firstly to meet that of other developed nations, and eventually to outpace them. Whether or not investment in RD needs to increase however, is only half the issue. What is more important is who is best placed to fund and perform RD functions in New Zealand. Simply suggesting that the government should throw more tax payers money into RD, would be largely understating the complexity of this issue, and as such, the rest of this paper will be dedicated to addressing where this funding should come from. Presently, investment in RD in New Zealand is largely publicly funded, with public funding accounting for 51% of RD, much higher than the OECD average of 30% (OECD Innovation Strategy, 2010). As well as this, direct public funding, rather than indirect, accounts for nearly 100% of all public RD expenditure. The reason for this mix in funding is that rather than being an entirely private or entirely public good, the classification of RD as an investment is largely mixed. This is due to the broadness of scope of RD as an investment, which encompasses all forms of research such as basic science and research into generic and proprietary technologies, and all forms of development from conceptualisation to commercialisation. It is well accepted that the development of basic scientific knowledge is a public good function, and is therefore primarily the responsibility of the government. It is not so clear whether the development to commercialisation of knowledge and technology into assets fo r economic activity should be a public sector responsibility, or driven by the private sector (Tassey, 2010) In considering New Zealand’s underinvestment in RD, increased government funding may at first glance appear to be an obvious solution. This would be based on the premise that RD will increase long run growth, it is currently underrepresented, and therefore it is something the government should be investing in. New Zealand’s economy is about the same size as an average SP company. Therefore it could make intuitive sense that the central government replaces private sector funds in RD, as pooling resources would allow for a more substantial research base. In addition, the government’s access to taxation revenue is more mobile than private funding for investment, allowing it to easily and quickly be redistributed (Jacobsen, 1991). While this solution may have merit, for scale reasons the real issue is not the volume of spending, rather it is the value of spending. While there is clear evidence that increased investment in RD will increase long run economic growth, a ll other factors held constant, the real factor that needs to be considered is whether or not the government will make the most efficient use of resources. As stated earlier, many studies have shown that investment increases long run economic growth, however whether or not direct public investment increases economic growth is an entirely different matter. Frank Lichtenberg, who conducted an extensive investigation into RD investment, and its relation to international productivity differences, found that while privately funded investment has significant positive effects on productivity, the effects of public investment was insignificantly different from zero, or in some cases negative (Lichtenberg, 1992). This points to the conclusion that the government, as an investor, is unable to make efficient use of the resources which it extracts from the economy. This inefficient use of resources can be explained by a number of factors, most import of which is that government expenditure essentially has little to no accountability, other than the party in power being accountable to voters. This leads policy and spending to focus on politically po pular funding options, rather than those which are economically efficient. Therefore, in order for New Zealand to prosper, it would seem that the required increase in investment in RD would need to be met by private industry. In theory private funding for RD, will drive resources to be allocated efficiently. In the market, price and profit act as a language that communicates the wants of consumers to those who produce goods. Economic agents respond to changing relative price signals, and their response to this language of price shifts resources to their highest value in use, thus achieving efficiency. In contrast public spending tends to be characterised by resources being allocated on the basis popular public policy, often providing what the market will not pay for. Private business which at times will have the existence of their business at stake, will tend to pursue RD with a high probability of commercial return or avoid altogether higher risk programs with very uncertain payback. Private sector RD has very strong commercial drivers to be successful, increasing productivity and profitability, in turn creating wealth and prosperity (Tassey, 2010). But if the market acts to correctly allocate resources, then why is investment in RD so underrepresented, considering marginal rates of return are so high? The theory that the market will effectively allocate resources is based on the premise that all the characteristics of a well functioning market are upheld, such as perfect information, zero barriers to entry, and most importantly, the non-existence of externalities or â€Å"spill over† effects (Cellini, Lambertini, 2008). The underinvestment in RD can be described by the failure to meet these requirements. Market failure results from a dysfunction in the private sectors capabilities for assessing the economic potential of an RD project i.e. imperfect information, and a limited pool of high risk capital. Technical risk is often too high, meaning risk cannot be reliably estimated, time to completion is often outside the strategic scope of management. Co-ordination problems also exist, as the nature of evolving markets requires investment in combinations of technologies. Significant positive externalities or â€Å"spill over† effects are prominent in the RD industry. Thes e externalities are often unable to be internalised to the producer, meaning the full potential benefit of RD is often not rewarded to the producer (Jacobsen, 1991). The existence of market failure is an important justification for government intervention. As market failure results in a sub-optimal level of RD investment, public policy is required to address this issue. This does not necessarily mean however that government’s direct investment must increase (although this may well be the case) rather it means that the causes of market failure need to be identified, and properly addressed through effective measures (Jacobsen, 1991). Therefore in order to increase investment in RD, the government should properly consider the causes of underlying underinvestment, and formulate appropriate cost effective policies which encourage investment to occur. This conceptualisation leads to a policy view that the government’s role is best served funding scientific research in universities and crown-owned research institutes. While it is theoretically possible to break down certain aspects of RD into purely private and public good, the boundaries of these aspects are often too vague to be effectively established in practice (Tassey, 2010). It is this mixed nature of RD’s classification as a good which causes this funding conundrum, as, if RD was purely a private good, private funding would be most efficient and vice-versa. To stimulate and facilitate private investment, it is likely that direct government funding will have to increase, not because government funded RD stimulates growth, but because it may required to facilitate and increase private investment. While government funded RD may itself be relatively unproductive, any spending which stimulates private investment, will provide significant benefits for New Zealand, by facilitating increases in productivity, and with this, economic growth. Rather than simply pouring money into politically popular areas of RD, the government can use resources effectively by increasing funding in New Zealand’s generic technology base, and investing in technology infrastructure which supports domestic industries. An example of this would be increased funding to scientific research in universities. Broad-based underinvestment in RD could be reduced by sufficiently lowering the cost of RD, through indirect funding such as tax credits. This would partly addre ss the loss of reward caused by positive externalities, somewhat correcting market failure. In conclusion, in order for New Zealand to prosper, it is likely, but not imperative that the government’s investment in RD should grow. While overall prosperity encompasses many factors other than economic growth, it cannot be achieved without it. Efficient investment into physical, human and technological capital is a pre-requisite. New Zealand is currently underinvesting in RD, an area which has been shown to produce significant marginal social benefit. What is imperative is that effective policy is established to facilitate private investment. Public investment, where required, should be targeted specifically in areas which act to strengthen New Zealand’s fundamental research base, such as research universities and generic technologies. Increased investment in RD is essential for long run growth, and if private investment is able to be significantly increased, it will become a lasting foundation of greater prosperity. Wordcount: 2498 References Cellini, R., Lambertini, L. (2008). Th Economics of Innovation. Bingly, UK: Emerald Group Publishing Limited. Jacobsen, V. (1991). Contestable Funding: A New Deal for Research and Development in New Zealand. Australia: The Centre for Independent Studies Limited. Lichtenberg, F. (1992). RD Investment and International Productivity Differences. NBER Working Paper 4161, 1, 2 6. OECD Innovation Strategy. (n.d.). Organisation for Economic Development . Retrieved January 10, 1010, from oecd.org/pages/0,3417,en_41462537_41454856_1_1_1_1_1,00.html Rowe, J. (2005). Economic Development In New Zealand (The Dynamics of Economic Space). Hampshire, England: Ashgate Publishing. Tassey, G. (1997). The Economics of RD Policy. Westport: Quorum Books. The 2009 Legatum Prosperity Index. (n.d.). The 2009 Legatum Prosperity Index. Retrieved October 5, 2010, from prosperity.com/rankings.aspx Winsley, P. (1996). Discussion paper no 4. research and development as a socially efficient investment, 1, 8 12. Research Papers on New Zealand and hoe it may prosper.PETSTEL analysis of IndiaInfluences of Socio-Economic Status of Married MalesAssess the importance of Nationalism 1815-1850 EuropeIncorporating Risk and Uncertainty Factor in CapitalAnalysis of Ebay Expanding into AsiaDefinition of Export QuotasTwilight of the UAWRiordan Manufacturing Production PlanAppeasement Policy Towards the Outbreak of World War 2Research Process Part One

Module 01 and module 02 Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

Module 01 and module 02 - Essay Example From the exercise, I learned that success in online environments in related directly with structured approached towards time management in which one can give proper time to each course. In my typical day, school fits at the place of most important value. The fact that I have learned about my future career within school is that students need positive attention from teachers. If they do not receive it, their focus can shift away from studies forever. Teachers need to handle each student individually during early childhood education to make the students feel valued and gain confidence. I chose multimedia technology because of my interest in this field. Studying multimedia will not only help me get a deep understanding of different technologies and the way they work but also it will help me gain success in online environment because use of multimedia technologies is the backbone of online mode of study. Everyone wants to do something exceptional in life. I have planned to use my multimedia education in research and teaching areas. I have focused my attention not only towards creating new multimedia technologies to assist students and teachers communicate and study in online environments but also towards using such technologies as my professional teaching

Writer's choice Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

Writer's choice - Essay Example The continuous conflict between these two nations has actually been built on social injustice against the Palestine, economic apartheid, and political oppression imposed on them by the Jews. The root of the conflict can be traced back to the invasion of the Palestine by the Zionists in 1800s and the gradual but steady support the Israeli community has been gaining from their fellow American Jews. The pressure on the Palestine on various sovereignty issues has been growing since 1800s owing to the effects of holocaust and the subsequent mass immigration of Jews to Middle East and US. The Scholarly books offered over this issue all point fingers on the historical injustice that Israel has always done against the Muslim dominated Palestine as the world watches and United States’ open complacency on the issue. The conflict runs through ideologies and community affiliation that disregards the religious inclination. This explains why US supports the Jewish Israeli Who profess Judaism rather than the Muslim and Christian Palestine. The US has economic interests in Israel and this includes financial support on various social, economic, and political policies. On the other hand, the world especially the Arab states have keenly been following the actions of US towards the two nations’ conflict resolution. It has therefore been a delicate balance for the US since this has serious diplomatic challenges and its entire economy. Mark Green, ed., Persecution, Privilege & Power: Reconsidering the Zionist Narrative in American Life, Thirty Essential Articles on the Most Pressing Issue of our Time (2007): Read carefully the Book Description/About Mark Green, click on TV Interviews and watch the Jeff Blankfort (#1 and #2) short video clips at:

The Virtuous Beings Essay Example for Free

The Virtuous Beings Essay Modern society glorifies people for much pettier accomplishments when compared to that of the ancient times. During the twenty-first century, a convicted felon may come back after serving a prison sentence and present himself as a figure of perfection. Less than five years ago, a football player, named Michael Vick was arrested and convicted of illegal actions involving the maltreatment of domesticated animals. Shortly after serving his sentence, he was once again beloved by his fans and rewarded with a phenomenal contract which would be worth wild in any corresponding lifetime. Looking at these examples, it’s easy to see how corrupted society is today. In the ancient world, their society was very more virtuous. Because of the different virtues of the time, it took a great deal more to become a public idol to the people. Virtuous figures from the ancient world are Gilgamesh, Abraham, Moses, and Odysseus. Gilgamesh, a seemingly corrupt leader, later embarks on a humbling journey which helps him to discover the true meaning of life; Moses, an honest and patient man, has his true values highlighted as God chooses him to lead his people out of captivity; Abraham, an apparent commonplace man, is presented as a bold individual who is not afraid to prove his allegiance to God; and Odysseus is a prime example of a hero in the ancient world who has his own ups and downs during a dangerous and eventful journey back home to the people he has always loved. When connecting Ma 2 a figure like Gilgamesh to the likes of a movie actor of modern society, it is impossible to ignore the contrast in inherent virtues of the people of the time. As Gilgamesh begins, Gilgamesh is actually quite the opposite of virtuous – he is a lust-driven, oppressive ruler who exercises harsh and immoral will upon his people. However, Gilgamesh’s progression towards becoming a virtuous individual is evident almost immediately as he becomes a companion of his ex-adversary, Enkidu. In fact, Gilgamesh and Enkidu go on to complete several tasks together; tasks that neither of them would have accomplished without one another. Similarly, Gilgamesh again proves his drastic change in character as he rejects Ishtar, a longing prostitute. Although Ishtar promises Gilgamesh a life of pleasure and riches, he responds by asking Ishtar â€Å"†¦how would it go for me? † (Gilgamesh, 24). Gilgamesh is reminding Ishtar that her past lovers had found her â€Å"like a brazier which smoulders in the cold, a backlight which keeps out neither squall of wind nor storm† (Gilgamesh, 24), emphasizing that Ishtar’s previous husbands had all received poor treatment from her. This signifies how much Gilgamesh’s character has changed. If he held the same ethics as before, he would have accepted Ishtar’s offer without hesitation. However, he is becoming a much more virtuous individual with greater concerns than mere self-gratification. Soon, Gilgamesh has even built a nice city for his people, abandoning his glory, wealth, and power to become a better individual. He is no longer self-indulged, and the death of his close friend Enkidu has truly humbled him. On a quest to find the secret to immortality, Gilgamesh realizes that what he should actually be seeking is to become a better king to his people and a more virtuous individual in general. Gilgamesh uses his new wisdom to create a legacy for himself, serving as a prime example that the ancient times required much more from an individual to be certified as virtuous. Ma 3 Similarly, the Bible presents a series of examples which emphasize the difference in modern virtues from the virtues of the ancient world. Specifically, in the book of Genesis, God tells Abraham to â€Å"take his only son, and offer him as a burnt offering on one of the mountains† (Genesis 22. 2:3). Proving his undeniable allegiance to God, Abraham leads his only son to the mountain and builds an altar for sacrifice. Right before Abraham was going to strike his son, an angel of the Lord interrupted, telling him not to lay his hands on his son, and then added â€Å"because you have done this, I will indeed bless you†¦Ã¢â‚¬  (Genesis 22. 16). Because of Abraham’s blatant devotion to the Lord, he is rewarded with a blessing and a promise to make his offspring â€Å"as numerous of the stars of heaven† (Genesis 22. 17). Abraham’s display of loyalty is significant as anyone who would do this in the modern world would certainly be deemed insane rather than allegiant, further emphasizing the difference in virtues today to that of the ancient world. Another example in the Bible may be seen as Moses is chosen by God to lead the Israelites out of virtue. The fact that God chose Moses, an unassuming and ordinary figure of the time, proves that the leaders of the ancient times were not famous, good looking, or wealthy like the leaders of today. In fact, Moses is even described as having a speech impediment. Despite his uncertainty, Moses put everything aside and did what God told him to do and fulfilled his calling to lead the Israelites out of captivity. After Moses led the Israelites out of Egypt, a close-knit community was formed, and the people and God would agree on a covenant. This covenant was very closely followed and viewed as a necessity to live a virtuous life. Although Christians still live the same covenant with God today, it is much less closely followed than it was during the ancient times. Ma 4 Finally, The Odyssey is another telling example which helps to differentiate the virtues of the ancient times to today. In The Odyssey, Odysseus, the king of Ithaca, has been trying to find his way home for twenty years. Ever since the beginning of his trip, Odysseus is introduced as a strong and authoritative figure. However, his journey is filled with temptation, and Odysseus does give in at times. This may be seen when Odysseus chooses to sleep with Circe, despite his yearning to return home to his wife Penelope. This is the complete opposite of a virtuous deed, and it does not go unnoticed. Calypso, a nymph who falls in love with Odysseus, takes note of the disparity among the gods. She is fairly irritated by the fact that male gods may sleep with mortal lovers, while the affairs of the female gods are considered unacceptable, as Calypso describes by saying, â€Å"you hate it when we choose to lie with men† (Odyssey, 281). This emphasizes the double standard among the gods – even in the ancient times, outsiders could see how wrong it was to have a love affair; Calypso is helping to point out the prevalent awareness of equality of the time. Although Odysseus is looked upon as a heroic figure, his immoral actions are highlighted and criticized. In modern society, many public figures would instead have their abrasive actions swept under the rug. After reflecting upon the examples of the ancient world, it becomes clear that there is a wide division between ancient and modern views of what to expect from a human being. In the modern world, simply being wealthy or famous would allow a person to share in the immunity of a God in the ancient world. Today, greed plays a large part in the outcome of everything. Unlike in Gilgamesh, mortality does not change people for the better; instead, people become more self-centered. As a result, today’s society has become just as savage as students read about in books Ma 5 about prehistoric times. Modern life may be compared to a popularity contest, whereas in the ancient world, individuals were required to make names for themselves. It’s no wonder why the people we read about such as Gilgamesh and Moses are viewed as fables or myths; nowadays, only a handful of people may be classified as anything close to their status. In the modern world, these people are praised and worshiped because there are no others quite like them. It should be made a point to try to work toward having a community full of people like Gandhi and Gilgamesh instead of having a society which only looks up to them. This way, society would be able to present a more accurate depiction of a community which aspires to be virtuous.

Melvilles Moby Dick :: Essays Papers

Melvilles Moby Dick Melville was born in a time of American history where inspiring works of American literature began to emerge. It was also a time when America had not completely separated its literary heritage from Europe, partly because there were successful literary genius’ flourishing there. Melville proved to be a genius of his own, with his many works such as Moby Dick, Billy Bud, and Bartleby. Three distinct themes could be seen throughout most of his literature; whales and the whaling industry, commentary on the universe and human destiny, and ideas about God and nature. Moby Dick is an incredible work by Melville most often referred to as an epic, a tragedy, a novel, an exposition on the whaling, and a spiritual autobiography. It is often overlooked that a deeper, more symbolic, meaning may have been the driving force behind Moby Dick. Herman Melville was born on August 1, 1819, to Allan and Maria Melville. He was the third of eight children in the Melville family. He was generally described as silent and slow; his mother thought him to be a very dull child. In 1832 Melville suffered tragedy when his father died. Finishing school when he was fifteen, Melville took service as cabin boy aboard the St. Lawrence. After returning to his home in New York for some time after serving as cabin boy, Melville took berth as an ordinary seaman aboard a whaling ship called the Acushnet. After approximately four and a half years as a seaman on various ships, he set down, again in New York, to write of his experiences. Within six years he had published five books. Shortly thereafter Melville was married and moved his family to a farm near Pittsfield, Massachusetts. It was at this location where Moby Dick was written. Moby Dick was first published in 1851. Melville continued to write, both poetry and stories, until three months before his death in 1891. Melville’s perspective on life was that God created the universe with an infinite number of meanings and man is always trying to determine one specific meaning (Robertson-Lorant 65). It is possible that Melville, through writing, was seeking out some of his many destinies bestowed upon him by God. The basis of the name Moby Dick can be traced back to an article in the New York Knickerbocker Magazine in May of 1839 (Madden).

Education system between Romania and UK Essay

Nowadays an important and discussed issue by all countries is the education system. In many countries from year to year politician try to make changes in order to improve it. However, it happens that instead of improve it the system become more complicated and corrupted. In some countries is believed that is better to learn everything by heart but in others the practical part and students opinion is more important. Hence this essay is going to discuss the main differences and similarities between Romanian and United Kingdom education system. Although Romania and the UK have very different education systems there can be found some similarities. The age required to attend school is similar; in Romania six or seven and in UK six years old. In both countries primary and secondary schools are compulsory. Furthermore, in Romania as in the UK at the age of five-teen pupils have to pass an exam in order to follow further education, preparing them for university. The age required to enter the university in Romania is exactly the same as the one in UK, eight-teen or over. UK has the same three years of study in higher-education, just like Romania. In Romania as in the UK, in higher education, students have a number of credits they have to achieve along the academic year and there are also examinations periods: one in semester one and one in semester two. Both countries offer students the chance to choose from a variety of courses. Some of the courses are compulsory and vary from school to school while others optional and each student can choose which ones to take. (http://www.edu.ro, http://www.teachernet.gov.uk/educationoverview/uksystem/structure/) Important differences can be noticed between this two countries education system. In the UK is applied an interactive and efficient method of teaching, that is not applied in Romania, which encourages students to express themselves freely and participate to courses. The compulsory education of these two countries is different. The Romanian compulsory education last for ten years while the one from the UK for eleven years.  Children start school at the age of six or seven and follow the primary school, eight years. They have to take an examination at the end of primary school called the National Exam, based on assessments throughout the last four years. Based on their results they go to secondary school (high school) which last four years but first two are compulsory. However, students have to complete all four year in order to apply for higher education. At the end of secondary school students must submit the Romanian Baccalaureate exam form by an oral and written examination. Compared to Romania where the statutory schooling age is from six to eight-teen (if you want to follow a university after the secondary education) in the UK is from five to six-teen. The UK education system is divided in four Key Stages and pupils are assessed at the end of each stage. At the end of Key Stage Four pupils have to achieve General Certificate of Secondary Education (GCSE) in order to continue with further education. If they decide to follow a higher education they have to follow a further course at the end of which they have to achieve the GCE A-level (General Certificate of Education Advanced Level). From the financial point of view the education in the UK is far more expensive than in Romania. For example one year of university in UK is 3,075 £ whereas in Romania is only 420 £. The length of a master degree is of two years in Romania while in the UK it takes only one year. Moreover, UK students are encouraged to follow further education, although is expensive, because the government supports the students (for example students can apply for a student loan). By contrast, in Romania there are governmental funded universities, where students are admitted if they pass the admission exam with a high grade. The government funded slots are limited and are allocated to students according to their results. Furthermore another difference can be easily noticed in the marking system. In Romania compared to the UK, where the marking system is formed by letters (A* to G) or percentages, the grades are numbers and are from one to ten. Ten is the equivalent for A* or 100%. Moreover, Romania and the UK differ with regard to the policy of plagiarism. The rate of plagiarism is very high in Romania even among higher-education institutions because of the corrupted educational system. A considerable number of educational staff accept bribe because they are unsatisfied by their wages and work condition. (http://www.direct.gov.uk/en/index.htm,http://www.edu.ro, http://www.teachernet.gov.uk/educationoverview/uksystem/structure/ ) To summarize, the major similarities and differences between Romanian and United Kingdom education systems are the one regarding compulsory education, marking system, qualification, structure of schooling year, the cost of studying, plagiarism and courses in higher-education. Many Romanians say that Romanian education system is better than others countries because students learn more things at a higher level. But what matters the most: the quantity or the quality? Is it better to learn more and forget everything in two days or is better to learn useful things for everyday life and forever? The answer of these questions depends from person to person, and only those we studied in both system can realize the advantages and disadvantages of these two education systems. BIBLIOGRAPHY http://www.edu.ro/, (2006), Official Website for the Romanian Educational System, (Accessed: 28 December 2007 ) http://www.direct.gov.uk/en/index.htm, (2005), Official Website of UK Government, Education and Learning Section, (Accessed: 28 December 2007 ) http://www.teachernet.gov.uk/educationoverview/uksystem/structure/, (2007), TeacherNET, (Accessed: 28 December 2007 )

Gender Inequality In Law School Case Study - 1933 Words

In this paper, I focus on women’s experiences in law school and law firms, and how these two institutions impact the role of gender within the professional partner track. I examine whether this disparity in the legal profession is just a reflection of society’s views on gender or if this disparity is caused by the structure of law school classes or law firms and what could aide this inequality. As a female student with an interest in becoming a lawyer it is important to address and fix the strong gender inequality within the legal profession. In order to analyze this topic, I related the experiences of a female partner to research on the ranking of law schools, the hemisphere of law firms, and discrimination within these two areas. With†¦show more content†¦Like subsections of the conservative right in Southworth’s books, Lawyer X agrees that the role of lawyers should be to serve their client’s needs and supports the idea the lawyers are supposed to fight and stick up for their clients in ways that their clients cannot stick up for themselves within the world of law. Although family law is gendered, I wanted to analyze how deeply gendered the legal profession is and whether the law school attended or law firm practice plays a role in this disparity. To do this I will apply Lawyer X’s experiences to research on women in the legal profession, women owned law firms and discrimination within these two areas. Studies like Sterling and Reichman’s (2016) show us that women are significantly underrepresented in partnership and ownership within the legal profession (Sterling Reichman, 2016). The growth of women owned law firms will hopefully aid the disproportion of the genders wi thin the legal profession. Lawyer X hopes that the formation of women owned law firms will in fact be a trend, instead of an aberration, because it is important for women to be represented in the legal profession† (Lawyer X, 24 May 2017). This growth of female owned law firms has even seeped into the corporate hemisphere, with firms like Brune Richard within New YorkShow MoreRelatedThe Gender Discrimination And Inequality Essay1611 Words   |  7 PagesAim To illustrate the gender discrimination and inequality issues at work and in leadership, consider the reaction to solve these questions. 1.2 Parameters This report discusses some key issues that occur at work and in the leadership of gender discrimination and inequality and current their improved programs in Australia and the United States. 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