PSYCHOLOGY Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words - 1

PSYCHOLOGY - Essay Example It is a perfect example of what life is all about, and how to lead a righteous life. The tests reveal a hidden bias just like it is meant to disclose. I completed two demonstration implicit preferences tests: one for skin tone and the other for age. Skin tone IAT reveals automatic preference for light skin compared to dark skin. I believed that my preference for light skin to dark skin was neutral. This means that I do not have any automatic preference for any skin tone. The results from the demonstration tests show that I have â€Å"little to no automatic preference between Light Skinned People and Dark Skinned People†. Age IAT is a test that often shows the level of automatic preference for the young over old people. In this test, I gave my answer as preferring old over the young. The results, however, indicate that I have a high level of preference for the young over the old. Strong automatic preference for the young over old is 35%, moderate automatic preference is 29%, while slight automatic preference is 16%. Overall results show that I have â€Å"a mo derate automatic preference for Young compared to Old†. From these results I have learnt that I have some hidden bias. This could affect intercultural communication because of the unknown bias towards certain communities or cultures. Ethnocentrism is the consideration of one’s culture as superior to others, so that, the culture and its practices are used as a standard for interpreting norms, communication, values and beliefs of other cultures (Wood, 2011). This means that any culture could be superior or inferior depending on the person interpreting the values. With this knowledge, however, it is important to recognize that every culture should be appreciated. A stereotype is a kind of belief about an individual or a group of people. It is a generalization of a group of people or individual that does not allow social variation or individual differences. Stereotypes arise from images found in mass

Euripedes Essay Example for Free

Euripedes Essay The beginnings of literature are sowed in myths. They reflect the preoccupations of the myths celebrate the primal human emotions like love, hate, sexual desires, reproduction and heroism, some others are equally horrendous dealing with some heinous crimes like murder and rape. No matter what aspect of life do they reflect it is their universality that makes them popular in different cultures and times? The myth of Inos is such an example. The legend of Inos dates back many centuries before Christ to ancient Rome and Greece. According to the legend, Inos, the daughter of Cadmus is married by Athama, King of pre historic Minyans in the ancient Boeotian city of Orchomenus. King Athama falls in love with the innocent beauty of Inos and neglects his own wife, Nephele, who disappears in anger. They have two sons, Laerchus and Melicertes . Inos also nurses Dionysus, thus incurs the wrath of Hera, the wife of Zeus. Inos is later driven mad and in her madness kills herself and her two sons. She is later worshipped by ancient Greeks as Leucothea, the White Goddess. The legend of Inos is found in different parts of world with slight variations. Euripides one of the great giants of Greek tragedy was perhaps the first who used the legend of Inos in his tragedy Medea, when he composed it in 480 B. C. His tragedy complemented to the myth of Inos so well it became more popularly known as the legend of Medea. While in love with Jason, Euripides’ Medea helps him steal the golden fleece from her father, King Aeechis of Colchis. Thus, betraying her own clan. She is later abandoned by her husband, who leaves her to marry Creusa, daughter of Creon, king of Corinth. In despair Medea kills herself and her two sons. She however, goes unpunished and escapes in the dragon chariot. She takes refuge with king Aegeus of Athens. She later marries Achilles in the underworld and becomes immortal. Medea therefore, becomes the heroin of the tragedy, whereas, its her husband who suffers for betraying his wife. The legend of Medea, represents the cultural conflicts, racism and gender prejudices working on the individual lives of the characters. The employment of these phenomena in the evolution and degeneration of the characters, makes the legend universal in its appeal. It is for this reason that even in the twentyfirst century, writers incorporated the myth in the modern characters as in Wide Sargasso Sea by Jean Rhys. Set between the characters of the Carribean and England, Wide Sargasso Sea emphsise the above mentioned phenomena working on its individual characters. The novel is written in the post modern post colonial settings. Immediately after the emancipation of the Carribean blacks. It narrates the story of Anoinette later renamed as Bertha, belonging to dominica, a city of British owned Jamaica. She is married to an English man. It is eventually this relationship that derives young and innocent Annoinette to a mad woman Bertha, who later on commits suicide. The story narrates how the cultural, racial and gender prejudices makes individuals vulnerable. The novel is often seen as an adaptation of Charlotte Bronte’s Jane Eyre written in 1886, with the same story outline, however, the real source dates back to the legend of Medea or more precisely the myth of Inos. Like medea, she marries a foreigner, and is later exploited by him for her racial inferiority and gender bias. Euripedes’ medea is an enchantress. Her weakness as a woman is exposed when exploited by her husband. She, however, comes out as a resolute and vindictive person. She is portrayed as strong and completely in control of her self. Till the end when she kills her kids, she is contemplative and logically derives herself to commit their murder. Whereas, Rhys’s Bertha is doomed to her madness by the social as well as biological factors. The novel seems more of an approach that how the social factors catalyses the biological deseases. Her death, however, gives her the same triumph that Medea enjoyed over her husband. For Rochester, she remained his property even in her madness. He says towards the end, â€Å"even though she is mad, she is mine†. This possessiveness is given away by her through her death. Just as Medea escapes unpunished in a dragon chariot before her husband’s eyes. It is interesting to note that how a twentyfirst century african woman writer incorporates the same myth used by the Greek tragedian of fifth century Before Christ. A deeper study regarding the history of the myth will unfold that how the myth of Inos undergoes different versions through out centuries and claims its authority in various cultures. After Euripedes, Publius Ovidius Naso, the Roman poet of 49 B. C. used the story in his own work which influenced Lucius Anneus Seneca the famous Hispano- Roman tragedian of 4 century B. C. at Corduba (Cordoba). Scholars believe that Seneca might have brought the original legend of Inos to Spain thorugh his own intellectual influence. However, the inscriptions on the stones at Maikop, 56 miles east of the Black Sea near Colchis, reveal the story of Jason and his Argonauts. According to the legend of Medea, Jason and his Argonauts travel to Colchis and it is there that he meets Medea. It seemed through the amazing discovery, that the whole legend or some parts of the legend might be true. The pheonicians of the 12th to 8th centuries before Christ, then present at colchis a region of the Western Georgian Socialist Soviet Republics, are supposed to transport the legend to Spain later when they themselves settled in the Iberian peninsula. It is through Spain that the legend passed on to Africa and from there to America along with slave trade. It is exceptionally popular with the Afro- Americans, who imagine her to be in real, wandering in dark forests and shrieking. Toni Morrison, another of the celebrated Afro- American writer draws a like wise figure of a phantom in her novel â€Å"Beloved†. In whatever version the legend of Medea appear, it projects very effectively the apparent triumph of the male sex over female, whereas, it is the weaker sex that despise the yolk of her stronger counter part and sets themselves free in the ultimate analysis. Therefore, the story becomes one of betrayal, vengeance and triumph. It is the ultimate triumph of the weak over the strong that the story remains a favourite with the writers and readers alike especially by the women writers in patriarchal societies.

The Revolt Of The Poor - The Demise Of Intellectual Property :: essays research papers

<a href="http://www.geocities.com/vaksam/">Sam Vaknin's Psychology, Philosophy, Economics and Foreign Affairs Web Sites Three years ago I published a book of short stories in Israel. The publishing house belongs to Israel’s leading (and exceedingly wealthy) newspaper. I signed a contract which stated that I am entitled to receive 8% of the income from the sales of the book after commissions payable to distributors, shops, etc. A few months later, I won the coveted Prize of the Ministry of Education (for short prose). The prize money (a few thousand DMs) was snatched by the publishing house on the legal grounds that all the money generated by the book belongs to them because they own the copyright. In the mythology generated by capitalism to pacify the masses, the myth of intellectual property stands out. It goes like this : if the rights to intellectual property were not defined and enforced, commercial entrepreneurs would not have taken on the risks associated with publishing books, recording records and preparing multimedia products. As a result, creative people will have suffered because they will have found no way to make their works accessible to the public. Ultimately, it is the public which pays the price of piracy, goes the refrain. But this is factually untrue. In the USA there is a very limited group of authors who actually live by their pen. Only select musicians eke out a living from their noisy vocation (most of them rock stars who own their labels – George Michael had to fight Sony to do just that) and very few actors come close to deriving subsistence level income from their profession. All these can no longer be thought of as mostly creative people. Forced to defend thie intellectual property rights and the interests of Big Money, Madonna, Michael Jackson, Schwarzenegger and Grisham are businessmen at least as much as they are artists. Economically and rationally, we should expect that the costlier a work of art is to produce and the narrower its market – the more its intellectual property rights will be emphasized. Consider a publishing house. A book which costs 50,000 DM to produce with a potential audience of 1000 purchasers (certain academic texts are like this) – would have to be priced at a a minimum of 100 DM to recoup only the direct costs. If illegally copied (thereby shrinking the potential market – some people will prefer to buy the cheaper illegal copies) – its price would have to go up prohibitively, thus driving out potential buyers.

How is the theme of insecurity developed in the novel ‘Of Mice and Men’ Essay

How is the theme of insecurity developed in the novel ‘Of Mice and Men’ through the use of characters, language and setting? ‘Of Mice and Men’ was written in 1930’s America during the Great Depression. The story begins with Lennie and George fleeing there previous work place, the ending is tragic. During the novel we learn about the friendship that Lennie and George share, along with the dreams and ambitions of the other characters. The story is told in third person, this provides us with a clear unbiased view of all the characters. ‘Of Mice and Men’ was set during The Great Depression, this can show us that most of the characters are insecure and lonely, as they are Itinerant workers, they have no permanent place of work and no house security after the wall street crash. The unemployment rate was high so there was an extreme lack of job security. They have no time build relationships, and no trust for other people. Many of the characters experience insecurity for a variety of reasons. Crooks, the black stable buck feels insecure about his race, this makes him feel he is segregated from the rest as he is the only black person on the ranch, ‘Crooks the negro stable buck’. Because of his race he is discriminated against, no-one ever goes into his room or talks to him ‘I’m black, they say I stink’. Crooks is cruel to Lennie ‘You got no right to come in my room’ this shows a sense of insecurity and bitterness, he is trying to shut people out, as this is the only way he knows to live. Crooks lives in a barn, he is treated like an animal, he sleeps in a straw bed ‘Crooks bunk was a long box filled with straw’, this shows nobody has any respect for him, he is considered worthless, this will add to his insecurity. ‘Square four-paned window’ this represents that he is isolated and he does not like letting people in, just like a small window does not let a lot of light in. Black people were discriminated against in the 1930’s, they were treated with little respect, they were treated like nothings ‘Why it’s just a nigger saying it’. Crooks was brought up where the majority of the population were not coloured, ‘There wasn’t another coloured family for miles’ this will make Crooks insecure all his life he has been around people that are inferior to him. Steinbeck uses imagery to compare Crooks to an animal. Another character that experiences insecurity is Candy, he is the cleaner, he has only one hand and has been at the ranch for a long time. ‘old candy, the swamper came in’. Candy will experience insecurity throughout the novel because he is old and has only one hand this will make him feel insecure because he doesn’t have any job security, as if he loses his job he will not be able to get another as no one else will want an old disabled worker, his whole livelihood depends on someone else he has no control over his life. He compares himself to a dog, like he cannot protect himself, just like his dog that was shot. His only companion was his dog and now he does not have the dog he doesn’t have anybody ‘when they can me here I wish somebod d shoot me’. We know that Candy is insecure because he seems desperate to join George and Lennie in their dream ‘I won’t have no place to go, an’ I can’t get no more than this’ when he fails to join their dream this makes him feels like he has no future. Candy is similar it Crooks, the setting is bare, it is just like a prison, there is no sense of security for him. Curley’s wife is the wife of Curley, the bosses son. She is the only women on the ranch and extremely flirtatious with other ranch workers. Being the only women on the ranch she feels she has power over the men, she flirts with them to overcome her insecurity, she tries to cover up that she is insecure, and she marries Curley to escape her loneliness. Everybody thinks that she is dangerous, but she knows more than everybody thinks ‘Think I don’t know where they all went’. We know she is insecure because she has dream too, she makes herself seem powerless to make the men think she is more vulnerable. By not making her dream come true she becomes insecure about life and puts up a defensive barrier. She wears a lot of makeup and red, this symbolises danger and the fact that she wears a lot of makeup tells us that she is insecure and has low self esteem ‘her finger nail were red’. She does not have a name, she is recognised in the book as Curley wife, this gives the impression that she has no importance on the ranch and she is not treated like a normal person therefore this adds to her insecurity and makes her feel worthless ‘A girl was standing there’. Other characters in the novel that experience insecurity are Bill Tanner and Whit, they used to work on the ranch. ‘Remember, Bill Tanner? Worked here about three months ago’ this gives the impression that the work there is impermanent and transient. This can show the other ranch workers that nothing is everlasting and this can make them feels insecure. They don’t have any job security, they can never settle down this will make them feel insecure because they don’t have anything around them that they can rely on, they don’t have familiar surroundings. Lennie is insecure because without George he is vulnerable and he has a lot of faith in him, he can’t imagine life without him ‘George won’t go away and leave me’. Lennie is described using animal imagery. Animals have a low intelligence level just like Lennie, he cannot think for himself ‘the way a bear drags his paws’. Animals are commonly found in packs, if they are left without their pack they become very vulnerable to other animals, George is like Lennie’s pack, this will give Lennie a sense of insecurity as he knows that he cannot survive by himself. He is constantly asking for Georges approval, he relies on George over everything ‘Where we goin’, George’. So many of the men on the ranch are insecure because they only have their dreams, they have no real life ambitions that they know will truly happen. They have no job or house security this can make them insecure because they do not have any idea of where their life is going to go, they literally have nothing. They are so insecure because they cannot have relationships or friendships with the other ranch workers, this will make them feel like they cannot be themselves and make them feel alone and on their own. In my opinion George does feel a sense of insecurity at the end of the novel because he does no have Lennie anymore, even though sometimes he did not want Lennie with him at all times ‘if I was alone I could live so easy’ he still liked him to be there and to know that he had someone that relied on him even if he did not rely on himself. Without Lennie George feels alone just like the other ranch workers did, he will soon become as insecure and enclosed as them.

Research Reading Newspaper Habits

I. Introduction B. Background of the Study Newspapers help to improve reading habits, knowledge and awareness. They can be part of good study habits for students in any area of specialization. Malaysia is a developing country with many ethnic communities who wish to live together. Efforts to solve cultural adaptation problems should be multi-dimensional and long term. Nowadays many students are not aware alert with the information surrounding and the current issue that happened in the world and Malaysia especially.Therefore, we are really believed that by reading the newspaper will help student especially to gain their knowledge. A newspaper is usually an everyday publication. It contains news, opinions, advertisements, notice and information of all kinds. It also publishes all matters of general interest. It is a very useful mass medium. It keeps people aware about the current events of the world. It publishes views about national and international issues and public opinion. Commodi ty prices, share market reports, race course events, sports news, news about films, fashions and entertainments are some of its regular features.Newspapers have also columns for children and women and even for the students' preparation for examination. In fact, a newspaper is an encyclopaedia, a store house of knowledge and information at the cheapest price. Thus a newspaper bears interest of every section of people and is an attraction for every kind of readers. C. Problem Statement By reading the newspaper we really ensure that there are important for college students, whose needs being up to date with the issue around them. Many of them are not taking serious with the knowledge that happened and the levels of their knowledge of the current issues are very low.That will give the negative effect of their knowledge of current issues and might be effect when they want to find the job in the future. D. Purpose The purpose of this report is to investigate the newspaper reading habits a mong part 4 students in UiTM Kampus Bandaraya Melaka. E. Objective The objectives of the report are to investigate the newspaper reading habits of Part 4 students in UiTM Kampus Bandaraya Melaka and recommend the action that should be taken to enhance these habits among the students. F. Significant Report I. To the respondentsThis research is hoped to give hands to students in measuring their level of global and current issue knowledge by reading the newspaper. It also helps them to improve their languages and communication skill weakness by reading the newspapers. This research is a guide to helping college students take charge of their learning in their university environment, by capitalizing on their motivation arising from curiosity. It helps students gain independence from the lecture-study-exam system, with a resulting sense of thinking â€Å"I know my stuff†.The guide argues that many students who do not work to their potential have a low awareness of behaviours that c ontribute to academic success. II. To the researchers This research will give the researcher some knowledge about the factors that influence UiTM students of reading habits. The researcher will get experience due to exposure to the real situation as it require researcher to communicate directly to the respondents. The environmental situation can be useful in the future for the researcher in dealing with the real environment. III. To the facultyWith this study, the researchers expect that faculty will develop strategic solutions regarding newspaper reading habits if we found out that most of the students have newspaper reading habits are very low. Furthermore, this study also can assist other students to gather information and make reference to findings from past research. G. Limitations This study has several limitations which are: I. The sample of the study The sample of the study was too small since only taken at UiTM KBM, only involve business faculty. It is also limited within p art 4 students.The information and feedback were obtained only from small group of population caused in narrow result. II. Data collection method The result of this research is limited due to only one of data collection method applied. The research only use questionnaire to collect data from respondent. It also may raise the possibility of dishonesty in answering the questionnaire. III. Data Analysis The analysis only uses frequency and percentage as method of measurement of findings. It may be resulting in less accurate in findings. I. Procedural Methods A.Primary sources data 1. Questionnaires This questionnaire is about newspaper reading habits. The purpose of this survey is to investigate the newspaper reading habits among part 4 students in UiTM KBM. The information of this report was obtained through a survey in which 50 questionnaire were distributed to part 4 students at UiTM in this campus. There are 50 questions in this survey that can help the respondents to know about ho w well they gain their knowledge and also can discover their areas that will make them attract to read the newspapers.The scale of measurement of this survey is liked and multiple choices scale. B. Secondary data We also used secondary sources of data to get more information in order to complete this research. The sources of data that we have used are journal and article that we had obtain from the internet. These articles and journal has helped lots in finding good references and information that can be used in this research. II. Data Analysis The analysis only uses frequency, number and percentage as method of measurement of findings.It may be resulting in less accurate in findings. III. Main Findings It was found that: The finding report such as follows: QUESTION 1 Figure 4. 1 The figure 4. 1 shows that 12 of students are strongly agree that they love to read newspaper but only 16 of students agree. On the other hand, 12 of students indicate neutral and only 10 students who are d isagree about this statement. But there is null number of student who strongly disagree that they love to read newspaper. According to the graph, mostly UiTM KBM students agree that they love to read newspaper.The students will read newspaper at least once a month rather than not read it at all. This finding shows that the newspaper reading habit among Uitm KBM students is good. QUESTION 2 Figure 4. 2 The figure 4. 2 shows that 3 of students are strongly agree that they read newspaper every morning and only 11 students who are agree. However, 23 students are neutral and 12 students disagree that they read newspaper every morning. But only 1 student who is strongly disagreeing read newspaper every morning. The graph shows that the number of neutral students is higher han others. So this means that, there are many students still read newspaper every morning even though the students who disagree read newspaper every morning increase. This indicates that, many students still read newspa per even though there are many things that most interesting for teenagers. QUESTION 3 Figure 4. 3 The figure 4. 3 shows that 10 students who are strongly agree that the price of newspaper is affordable to purchase and the number increase to the 18 student who are agree with the price of newspaper.On the other hand, 12 students are neutral, 7 students are disagreeing and the rest is only 3 students who strongly disagree that the price of newspaper is affordable to purchase. Mostly, students are agreeing that the price of newspaper is affordable to purchase. Even they still studying and not have higher income; they still can affordable to purchase newspaper. Usually the price of newspaper is around RM1. 50. So, there is no reason why students or any people are not affording to buy newspaper. QUESTION 4 Figure 4. 4 The figure 4. shows that 3 students are strongly agreed that they have allocated some of their money to buy newspaper monthly. However, there are 15 students who are agreed and 17 students who are neutrally spend some money to buy newspaper every month. But 10 students are disagreeing about this statement and the rest is 5 students who strongly disagree that they are not allocate some of their money to buy any newspaper monthly. Mostly, students react neutrally to spend some of their money to buy newspaper every month. This is because, as a student, they have no enough money to spend some of their money to buy newspaper monthly.They will buy it if there is enough money for them to spend for their foods, assignments and others. QUESTION 5 Figure 4. 5 The figure 4. 5 shows those 4 students who strongly agree and 16 students who are agree to spend their time at least 30 minutes daily to read newspaper. But it is increase one number in neutral which is 17 students who are neutral to spend at least 30 minutes daily to read newspaper. There are 12 students who are disagree about to spent their time to read newspaper. But only one person who is strongly disag rees about this statement.Mostly, students sometime spending their time to read newspaper in the library, buy it themselves or online the news. According to survey, many students love to spend their idle time to read newspaper. Usually, UiTM KBM students refer to read newspaper in the library when they have no class at that time. QUESTION 6 Figure 4. 6 The figure 4. 6 shows the selection of headline among respondent of UiTM KBM students when buy the newspaper. 27% of the respondent choose neutral and disagree for the selection of headline when buy the newspaper which is they would buy the newspaper when the headline is sensationalized.Then, followed by 18% of respondent chose to agree and strongly agree buy the newspaper because of the sensationalized headline and other 10% strongly disagree about the choosing of sensationalized headline when buying the newspaper. From this question, we can see that the bigger amounts of respondent are disagree with the question which is choosing th e sensational headline when buying the newspaper and also many of them do not feel like the sensational headline is the issue to buy the newspaper. Other than that, the other respondent shows the attraction of the sensational headline is the factor that they choose to buy the newspaper.QUESTION 7 Figure 4. 7 The figure 4. 7 shows the news in the newspaper that the respondent rate based on the informative news in the newspaper. The higher percentage shows 37% of the respondent agree the news is informative to them and followed by 24% of the respondent strongly agree that the news in the newspaper is informative. About 18% of the respondent feel there are few news in the newspaper is informative and 12% of the respondent disagree the news in the newspaper is informative. The least respondent which is only 10% of them strongly disagree that the news is informative.We can see from this that, the respondent will read the newspaper because they want to information and it show that they re alize the newspaper can provide them more information. The least respondent that strongly disagree with the statement that they can get the information from the newspaper because they feel like they would prefer to get the information from other sources like internet, library and etc. QUESTION 8 Figure 4. 8 The figure 4. 8 show the respondent would choose to use both sources to know about the news that represent about 26% of them.Followed by 24 % disagree, 19 % strongly disagree, 17% agree and only 10 % strongly agree. We can see that the respondent prefer to use both source to get what information that they want because they can get the information in newspaper if the information that they want are not shown in the television. The other side, the respondent was strongly disagree with the statement is the second highest because they think that the news also provided in the television and it is for them to understand the information that they want. QUESTION 9Figure 4. 9 The figure 4. 9 shows the statement that the respondent can get the information from newspaper and 36 percent of them answer they can gain knowledge not only from the newspaper; they also can gain the knowledge from the media Massa. Followed by 32% of respondent agree with the statement, 18% strongly agree, 12% disagree, and only 4% strongly disagree. We can see that they feel easy to gain knowledge from the newspaper because most of the respondents give a positive answer to the question. QUESTION 10 Figure 4. 10The figure 4. 10 shows the respondent whether they practice or not reading newspaper as a part of the life. Many of them feel like they want to practice it as a part of their life and also try other method to be a habit on gaining the knowledge. We can see that the highest respondent chooses to practice reading newspapers as a part of their life which is 36%. Followed by 22% of respondent agree to practice newspaper reading habit as a part of their life because they can gain more knowled ge and also improve their reading skill. 8 percent of the respondent strongly disagree with the practice newspaper reading habit as a part of their life, followed by 14% disagree and only 12% strongly disagree to practice newspaper reading habit as a part of their life. QUESTION 11 Figure 4. 11 From the figure 4. 11 it was found that out of 50 respondents, they have chosen parents that influenced them to read the newspaper which contributed 62%. The 12 respondents agree that their peers were influenced them to read the newspaper. Next 8% of the respondents are believe that the lecturer in the university have been influences them to read the newspapers.However, 3 of the respondent said that they self and seeking of the information needed are the factors that influenced them to read newspapers. QUESTION 12 Figure 4. 12 From the figure 4. 12, it was found that the majority of the respondents are read newspaper for 2-3 times in a week. The14 respondents are been chosen that they only re ad newspaper for 1 time in a week. Then the10 respondents are read the newspaper for 4-5 times in a week. However, there are 8 respondents only read the newspaper for everyday (6-7 times). QUESTION 13 Figure 4. 13 From the figure 4. 3, it was found that the majority of the respondents have been chosen that they are more prefer to the newspaper. The 15 of the respondents are more prefer to the news online. The next 14 of our respondents are preferred on the both types of the newspaper to getting the information and knowledge. QUESTION 14 Figure 4. 14 From the figure 4. 14, it was found that the most of the respondents are choosing Harian Metro as their favourite newspaper. The 22% of our respondents are choosing News Strait Times. The next 18% of our respondents are choosing The Star.The rest of the respondents are stated other newspaper as their favourite newspaper such as Berita Harian, Utusan, Kosmo and Sinar Harian as the choice. QUESTION 15 Figure 4. 15 From the figure 4. 15, it was found that the majority of the respondents are loved to read News section when they are reading the newspaper. The 32% of the respondents are chosen the Sport section. Then the 28% of the respondents are chosen the Entertainment section every time they read newspaper. The respondent number 17 are choosing Others (he or she are not specify their answer) as their favourite section in the newspaper.QUESTION 16 Figure 4. 16 From the figure 4. 16 shows the percentage of UiTM KBM students in choosing the famous method that newspaper use to attract readers. 50% which is 25 out of 50 respondents choose sensational headline as a newspaper famous method. Next, 32% which is 16 respondents out of 50 choose being more creative in packaging the information as a newspaper famous method. Only 9 respondents which is 18% choose do survey of people readership habits method as a newspaper famous method and none of them choose others. QUESTION 17 Figure 4. 17 From the figure 4. 7 shows the percenta ge of UiTM KBM students in choosing the best benefits that they can get from reading newspaper. 56% which is 28 out of 50 respondents choose new information benefit that they can get from reading newspaper. Next, 30% which is 15 respondents out of 50 choose increase confident level as benefit. Only 5 respondents which are 10% choose improve language and verbal ability as benefit that they can get from reading newspaper and none of them choose others. QUESTION 18 Figure 4. 18 From the figure 4. 18 shows the percentage of UiTM KBM students in choosing the barrier that may hinder them from reading newspaper. 2% which is 21 out of 50 respondents choose lack of awareness as barrier to them from reading newspaper. Next, 32% which is 16 respondents out of 50 choose limited time as barrier to them due to a lot of assignment and pack schedule. Only 13 respondents which are 26% choose information obtained from other sources as barrier for them to read newspaper and none of them choose others. QUESTION 19 Figure 4. 19 From the figure 4. 19 shows the percentage of UiTM KBM students frequently in visiting the UiTM KBM library for the purpose of reading newspaper. 42% hich is 21 out of 50 respondents will go to the library only at their free periods to read newspaper. Next, 30% which is 15 respondents out of 50 said none of them visited the library for the purpose of reading newspaper. Only 14 out of 50 respondents which are 28% said they had visited the library once only and none of them choose others. QUESTION 20 Figure 4. 20 From the figure 4. 20 shows the percentage of UiTM KBM student’s impression towards newspaper services rendered by the UiTM KBM. 38% which is 19 out of 50 respondents had rate good and poor impression equally.Next, 22% which is 11 respondents out of 50 had rate excellent on newspaper services rendered by the UiTM KBM and only 1 respondent which is 2% had choose others as his or her impression. . IV. Main Conclusion This research investigated t he newspaper reading habits among the part 4 students in UiTM Kampus Bandaraya Melaka. The primary data were collected by the randomly distributing questionnaires to 50 students. As a mention earlier in the introduction, the purpose of this study was to investigate the newspaper reading habits among student to gain their knowledge.The following conclusions can be draw from the study. To begin with, this study can be that the part 4 students in UiTM Kampus Bandaraya Melaka are still not make reading newspapers to be their habits. In addition, we are believed that the students are not really using the facilities given by the university. They still give some reasons on the refusing reading the newspaper. Therefore parents, lecturer, peers and communities surrounding have to take action to open their eyes that to prove by reading the newspaper they will gain their knowledge that can be use for their future.Otherwise, the student will be lack of the knowledge of current issue around them . However, these findings are only true for the UiTM Kampus Bandaraya Melaka students and cannot be generalized to other university students. The same study need to be conducted with students from other universities to see if there are any similarities with the factors that will influence of newspaper reading habits and the effect of that to the student itself for he or she in the future. V. Recommendations Based on the findings and conclusion of the study, the following are the several recommendations to increase the newspaper reading habits.Library users read newspaper to get the latest information about what is happening around. Newspaper is essential for university students but due to the enormous explosion of information published in the form of newspapers in different languages in particular, it is impossible for libraries to subscribe all that is published at the national and international levels. Under these circumstances the best way of serving the users is by proper displa y of newspaper and notifying users about new information related to education.In library there should be adequate newspaper to accelerate reading habits. This study help librarians understand the importance of newspapers and improve the services related to the newspapers. In order to maintain and raise the newspaper reading habit among the UiTM Kampus Bandaraya Melaka, the other suggestions and recommendation is to promote newspaper reading habit among other students in this campus. Besides that, electronic newspapers are more help to read all information in a very short period. So, students can read newspaper every time and everywhere.Online newspapers also may help to find out latest development in various fields, employment news and other important news to improve their knowledge skills. On the other hand, the educational institutions should motivate and give opportunity to the students for read online newspapers and improve their knowledge skills. Besides that, as a student, the y have to find and make more time for reading, always have a book or newspaper around, set a reading goal, keep a log, keep a list and build your own strategy and drop everything read.VI. References Norazman Abdul Majid, M. A. (2012). Academic Report Writing From Research to Presentation (Updated Second Edition). Kuala Lumpur: Prentice Hall. Kumar, D. (2011). Retrieved from Digital Common University India: http://digitalcommons. unl. edu/cgi/viewcontent. cgi? article=1488;context=libphilprac;sei-redir=1;referer=http%3A%2F%2Fwww. google. com. my%2Furl%3Fsa%3Dt%26rct%3Dj%26q%3Dnewspaper%2520reading%2520habits%26source%3Dweb%26cd%3D3%26ved%3D0CGEQFjAC%26url%3Dhttp%25

Business Case Argumentative Essay †English

Business Case Argumentative Essay – English Free Online Research Papers Business Case Argumentative Essay English The company in the business case believes that by lowering the amount of parental leave to the legal minimum, they will have happy, productive employees. However there are a few problems with their reasoning. For one, they claim that the stress of choosing how much time to take off adversely affects the employee. Also, they believe that employees who spend more time at work are more loyal to the company, but offer nothing to back that claim up. Finally, they define happy and productive as ultra-loyal, ultra-achieving. Is this what makes everyone happy? Lets take a look at these statements. The company says that by relieving the employee of the decision of how much time to take off, they will relieve stress that could adversely affect the employee, both at home and at the office. Is making this decision really so burdensome? I dont believe so, especially when compared to the stress of having a new baby at home. One would think this would be the least of the employees worries! Also, the employee may now be faced with a whole new set of problems relating to not having enough time at home with the baby, such as finding child care for such a young baby, and leaving the baby all day without the mother or baby being ready. These situations could cause much more stress than the simple one of how much time to take off. The company also claims that those employees who spend more time at the company are more loyal. Perhaps it is indeed the case that the more loyal employees spend more time at the office, but is the reverse true? They offer no proof. By taking a major life decision out of the employee’s control, the company may cause resentment and lower the workers loyalty. Their loyalty may also be lowered by the company lessening a benefit that had previously been granted. Finally, the statement says at the same time that this change will create happier and more productive workers, but at the same time ultra-loyal, ultra-achieving employees. While this may indeed be the companys idea of happy and productive, I doubt that every employee would be happiest as an ultra-achiever. Although some people do make their job the most important thing in their life, and put most of their time and energy into it- and receive most of their fulfillment from it- I dont think the same can be said for everyone. Some people have interests outside work, such as travel or a hobby. These people will not be made happier by being forced to spend more time at work. This basic assumption is flawed. Also, it leaves out the large group of people for which family is the most important thing in their life- the very people that this decision will negatively affect. These people will not be made happier by being an ultra-achieving employee; they would be made happier by having more time home with their children. So one can see the companys statement is making a lot of assumptions that are not being backed up- is the decision of how much time to take off for parental leave really adding that much stress to workers lives? Are people who are forced to spend more time at work really going to be more loyal to the company? And will this decision really make these ultra-achieving employees happy? I dont believe the company has made a good case for itself. Research Papers on Business Case Argumentative Essay - EnglishNever Been Kicked Out of a Place This NiceTwilight of the UAWResearch Process Part OneMarketing of Lifeboy Soap A Unilever ProductComparison: Letter from Birmingham and CritoIncorporating Risk and Uncertainty Factor in CapitalThe Project Managment Office System19 Century Society: A Deeply Divided EraEffects of Television Violence on ChildrenAssess the importance of Nationalism 1815-1850 Europe

Philadelphia Bodegas essays

Philadelphia Bodegas essays Bodega: The importance of the corner store in the Puerto Rican barrio Today in several neighborhoods of northeastern United States there are still remnants that tie predominate Puerto Rican communities together. In these communities you won't find much room for big businesses. On the contrary, here several of the corner stores (called bodegas) offer more of an impact than other larger businesses. In these smaller stores you can sometimes buy goat meat, mangoes and even plantanos (a platanain is a banana-like fruit that is eaten boiled or fried). These stores not only have ties to a lifestyle far from the every day burger and fries feeding frenzy, but it also gives state-side Puerto Ricans a chance to experience food products that are authentic to Puerto Rico. The bodega, in fact, has been a key part of Puerto Rican development. Bodegas are a necessity to Puerto Ricans because they offer strong ethnic enclaves and a history of helping Puerto Rican migrants to better integrate themselves into "state-side" culture. When Puerto Ricans came to the States as labor migrants, with and without government sponsored labor contracts, the transition was difficult. Around the time of the Second World War, employers and government agencies enrolled the services of Puerto Rican men for seasonal food processing jobs in southern New Jersey. After the War had ended, the governments of Puerto Rico and the United States encouraged a contract labor program for Puerto Rican men to come to the continental United States for only seasonal farm work in Pennsylvania, and it's other surrounding areas in New York and New Jersey. "For migrants, the contract labor program was part of an economic strategy to earn seasonal income or a stepping stone towards permanent settlement."(Whalen, 24, 1998). Indeed, many migrant workers used the opportunity along with the money they had collected in farm labor to find a perman...

Quick Ways to Improve Your Essay Writing

Quick Ways to Improve Your Essay Writing Quick Ways to Improve Your Essay Writing Most of us face challenges in writing essays, particularly during the first draft. Essay writing is a crucial part of both high school and university curriculums, and is often the difference between a pass and a fail. Here are some effective techniques for writing consistently outstanding essays. Get Organized Before writing your essay, gather your resources and take into account the following: Plan on how you will source the information for your essay. Do you feel more comfortable at a library, or working from home? The Internet is an excellent resource, but social media and other platforms can be distracting. Limit your Internet usage to enhance your concentration and assure better quality of work. Gather the necessary materials before you begin writing. Think about how much time it will take to complete your essay. Remember to leave at least three days before the deadline to make any last-minute changes. Gather Information Your professor may offer preliminary information, but it’s valuable to seek additional information on your own to add depth to your essay. Take notes and make sure that each source is relevant and reliable. Common sources include: Online blogs Newspaper articles History books Academic articles Planning Planning is a crucial first step in improving your writing. This step is often overlooked, and can be rushed or neglected. If you’ve ever been critiqued for poor line structure or vague arguments, you need to bring better focus to your planning. Here are some tips for creating a succinct essay plan: Read your notes multiple times and highlight important or relevant points. On a sheet of paper, section your ideas in separate columns, connecting them together to form a diagram. Look at your diagram and notes, and determine your primary argument. Having a clear vision for your main argument will help you maintain focus. Re-read the notes and diagram from conclusion to introduction. What aspects of your essay validate your argument? What needs to be expanded? Include additional information and ideas from your notes. Strong analysis, bullet points, and introductions will support your argument. Contact a friend who doesn’t know about your topic. If your essay makes sense to them, it’s a good sign that you’re on the right track. Write The writing itself can be stressful for several reasons: Writing on a blank page Staring at a blank page can be daunting. The key to beginning the writing process is to write anything that comes to mind. Writer’s block If you encounter writer’s block, reread your plan and your argument. If you still can’t link your thoughts, try writing as simplistically as possible (e.g. in bullet points). Take breaks whenever you are feeling overwhelmed. Writing leads to nowhere If you feel as though you have lost the overall vision of your essay, go back to your diagram. A renewal of perspective can help you discover how your writing needs to change. Style Everyone has their own writing style, but in essay writing, it’s important to be precise. Complicating your essay with vague phrasing may result in confusion for the reader. Keep your vocabulary clear and concise. Make sure that the words you use are understandable and are presented in the correct context. If you are unsure of your completed essay, hire a proofreader to verify the overall structure of your work. in Toronto, Ontario, can help you achieve academic excellence in writing through their professional proofreading services.

Rise of Asia Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Rise of Asia - Essay Example Unlike his neighbors, Japan opened its doors fully to mercantilism to all western countries. Countries such as China limited their trade with the western world which would cost them in the future. The Boxer Rebellion in 1899 (small planets communications) and the Opium War in 1840 (Chesneaus) resulted from China's resistance to foreign trade. Frank B. Tipton, author of "The Rise of Asia," mentioned that Japan and China shared the same social constructs and tradition that placed them in cultural crosswords in which they must decide which route the must take. Apparently, they both chose two different routes. (Tipton, pg. 92) Japanese embraced their culture industrial culture with open arms. The industrial movement posed new challenges for the government. These challenges insinuated that the government needed redesign their former policies and cultural traditions. For example, women before were viewed as peasants, artisans, samurais, and merchant women. But for the philosophical needs and recognition, the Japanese females undertook the sociological model of the "Japanese women." (Tipton, pg.130) They worked silk factories and cotton mills.

Social policy- policy analysis Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2500 words

Social policy- policy analysis - Essay Example It does this by critically analyzing various laws which were enacted and periodically amended to ensure that there are no cases of child abuse in the country. The paper also goes ahead to evaluate how effective these legislations were and the extent to which they safeguarded children. According to the latest statistics from the police department, there were a total of 21,493 reported cases of child sexual abuse offences in 2011/12. In England alone, the figures for child rapes were estimated at 4,991 during the same period (Owen, 2007). However, the total number of rape cases and rape attempts in Scotland stood at 505 during the same period. Based on this statistics, Scotland seems to be having the highest number of sexual offenses as compared to other regions such as Wales, Northern Ireland and England. This might be attributed to inefficient policy implementations and inability of the parents, guardians and child care givers to create adequate time to provide children with the necessary protection. Its sexual offenses rates are 3.3 cases out of every 1,000 children under the age of 16. In Northern Ireland, it stands at 2.5 persons per every 1,000 children under the age of 18. Moreover, in Wales and England, only 1.6 cases are recorded for every 1,000 children u nder the age of 16 (Jeff, 2003). The above analysis clearly indicates that child abuse is still a major issue of concern in the UK. Although the statistics is about sexual abuses, a lot of cases have been witnessed in which several children have been physically abused and neglected by their parents and care givers. It is for this reason that such children have been offered safeguarding services such as child line, frank line, guidance and counseling by different bodies and agencies in the nation (Turton, 2008). It is only through the provision of safeguard services that the

Black & Decker - Eastern Hemisphere and ADP Initiative Case Study - 1

Black & Decker - Eastern Hemisphere and ADP Initiative - Case Study Example His prime concern was the fact that he found significant disparity in the ‘management styles’ that existed in the region. He found that certain managerial styles emphasized on employee empowerment whereas, others belonged to old authoritarian method. From his observation he felt that a few managers were bad managers. The other aspect was related to the growth and development of the people as he felt that in this region quite a few people were stagnant in their position. The other crucial matter of concern was with regards to existing process of management assessment as well as development system. They followed MBO-type system which had been discarded in the US a few years before. Bill Lancaster observed that these concerns required immediate addressing in order to not only increase the organizational growth in the Eastern Hemisphere organization but also to instigate human resource growth and development. Appraisal Development Plan (ADP) was first introduced in the Black & Decker in 1992 as a replacement method of appraisal to the existing MBO (Management by Objective) plan. ADP method of appraisal was observed to be one of the best tools available to provide employees with set goals and career plans similar to MBO process. The added benefit that ADP provided was that it was Eastern Hemisphere organization undeniably superior to MBO in guiding people towards growth prospects. The ADP plan followed six steps appraisal process which was in line with the 3600 appraisal method.

Testing and evaluation techniques Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Testing and evaluation techniques - Assignment Example The advantages of oral examinations for the teachers include quick assessment of students’ learning, assessment of students’ confidence, and assessment of the verbal and nonverbal communication skills. On the other hand, some disadvantages of oral examinations include more time consumption as compared to written exams, inefficient for in-depth assessment of students’ learning, and labor-intensiveness. Another negative aspect of oral examinations is that the environment can influence the students, which may result in affecting their ability to communicate effectively with their teachers. Project assignments are also a good way to assess students’ learning. Teachers can give assignments to the students, which they need to solve without getting any sort of assistance from the teachers. The advantages of project assignments for the teachers include proper assessment of students’ ability to do work independently, assessment of individual learning, and assessment of students’ writing skills. On the other hand, some disadvantages of project assignments include increased chances of plagiarism and difficulty in standardizing. However, the disadvantages are not able to overshadow the advantages of project assignments because they make students do something independently, which is very good for the students. Practical examinations are another way to assess students’ learning. In practical examinations, teachers give practical assignments to the students, which they need to complete under observation of their teachers. Practical examinations help teachers evaluate the related behaviors of the students during examination. Moreover, they also help teachers evaluate students’ critical thinking skills, psychomotor skills, and evaluations skills. The disadvantages of practical examinations are somewhat similar to oral examinations. Practical examinations are time consuming, labor-intensive, and difficult to standardize. Teaches can

Death Penalty Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words - 5

Death Penalty - Essay Example in agreement with people of similar opinion, death penalty cannot be deemed to deter crimes’ occurrences and therefore ought to be abolished, which forms a valid argument as supported below. Some of the criminals under this sentence mostly commit the crimes from a heated passion under influence of alcohol or drugs or under an illness and therefore represents a faction who can rarely make futuristic decisions in fear of consequences for their crimes. A nation’s murder rate and criminal behavior can be trimmed through addressing the social and environmental factors contributing to violent crimes that call for this form of punishment. The socioeconomic wellness of a nation must be watched. The highly blighted parts in the United States produce the highest number of persons on death row, poverty and impoverishing cases with a huge number declared to have mental disorders. Most offenders fool themselves of chances to commit crime and escape preset forms of punishment (Cromie, 2013). Therefore, death sentence should not be considered as an option in punishing even the heinous

Idustrialize America Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2500 words

Idustrialize America - Essay Example But even if it was thought that the death of Lincoln would be the death knell to the cause of emancipation, the following Presidency of Andrew Johnson tried to maintain the status quo with policies that protected African Americans. Unfortunately his efforts did not prevail, the power was once again given to the Army and there was even a period that followed in which the Democrats regained the impetus, re-enacting laws that revived the era of slavery for these newly freed men and women. Lynching and race riots were rampant in some States, and the Redeemer Government and Klu Klux Klan were determined to re-establish white supremacy. It seemed that all the efforts of the Reconstruction had been for nothing. 1. PRESIDENTIAL RECONSTRUCTION Notwithstanding that they had just been through a harsh and debilitating war, President’s Abraham Lincoln wanted to be magnanimous towards the South. In December 1863, he placed the idea that a State could be integrated into the Union if 10 perce nt of the population count under 1860’s census supported emancipation. Tennessee, Louisiana and Arkansas were won over by the Union through Lincoln’s Ten Percent Plan. However this compromise did not sit well with the diehard Republicans, nor some in Lincoln’s own party who feared that it would once again undermine the cause of emancipation by bringing economic slavery to blacks on white owned cotton ginning farms. The mood of the South was rebellious and unrepentant. They sought to regain control of the situation, and could not bear to see blacks getting education, voting rights and freedom. On his part, President Andrew Jackson who took up the reins of Government following Lincoln’s death tried his best to follow the former’s lenient policies for the collective benefit of all. He appointed new Governors in 1865. Unfortunately his efforts did not meet with success and were spurned by the diehard Republicans. They challenged and undermined his effo rts, rejected his nominations from the South and eventually managed to oust his Government in 1865-66 after success in the 1866 Congressional elections. They managed to regain control of Congress in 1877. The Fourteenth Amendment to the US constitution made on 09 July 1868 was an attempt to ensure that blacks would have the same rights as whites. This included the right to vote, travel and bear arms. The Elections of 1866 were a turning point in the cause for Reconstruction. The Union party was supported by the War Republicans having abolitionist tendencies. The Radical Republicans however favored a more stringent policy with the South, preferring military control over their lands and forcing them to give civil and voting rights to blacks. These hardliners prevailed and after usurping Johnson, moved to give control over many States to the Army. 2. CONGRESSIONAL RECONSTRUCTION The efforts towards emancipation of the slaves brought them across to many abolitionist states. Black migrat ed from North to South and East to West in search of jobs, housing and a source of livelihood. Most of them had lived under miserable conditions in the slave owned plantations of the South. However it was a time of considerable flux and fluidity, with blacks having to protect themselves from those who still wanted to take advantage of them. They had to learn to protect their own right to freedom. Concerted efforts were made by former slave owners to try to enslave the freed men through economic necessity. The war had destroyed eleven cities quite comprehensively-

Death Penalty Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words - 5

Death Penalty - Essay Example in agreement with people of similar opinion, death penalty cannot be deemed to deter crimes’ occurrences and therefore ought to be abolished, which forms a valid argument as supported below. Some of the criminals under this sentence mostly commit the crimes from a heated passion under influence of alcohol or drugs or under an illness and therefore represents a faction who can rarely make futuristic decisions in fear of consequences for their crimes. A nation’s murder rate and criminal behavior can be trimmed through addressing the social and environmental factors contributing to violent crimes that call for this form of punishment. The socioeconomic wellness of a nation must be watched. The highly blighted parts in the United States produce the highest number of persons on death row, poverty and impoverishing cases with a huge number declared to have mental disorders. Most offenders fool themselves of chances to commit crime and escape preset forms of punishment (Cromie, 2013). Therefore, death sentence should not be considered as an option in punishing even the heinous

What is Android Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1750 words

What is Android - Research Paper Example phones and gadgets. In This way many forces have emerged that introduced open source softwares and operating systems that gave a total new shape to the world of communications and hand held devices. One of them in this field was Android .Android is an open source operating system that is widely in use in smart phones and portable computers in form of laptops and tablets. Android came into existence in the early years of first decade of current century when number of proponents sat together and decided on introducing a platform that would compete the existing players . Andy Rubin and Nick Sears are considered as the founders of this innovation. According to them, their aim was to create that would meet the customers’ requirements in a better and more efficient way. Their initial logo at that time can be termed as â€Å"smarter mobile devices that are more aware of its owner’s location and preferences â€Å".... Different versions are available in the market. Various versions exist in the market and number of updates and new applications have been introduced over the period of time each aiming to bring about more advancements and improvement and user friendly features into the setup. Few of the recent releases include 2.3 Gingerbread, 3.0 Honeycomb, and 4.0 Ice Cream Sandwich .3.0 honey Comb was focused on Tablet while the 4.0 version brought more advancements to the smart phone platform. Salient features of the operating system include connectivity of almost all sorts ranging from GSM TO WIMAX; In case of media support it supports large number of video and audio formats ranging from H.264 to MPEG-4,MP3,MIDI.other features include multi touch support, multi-tasking, Global Positioning System . Although the previous year (2010) saw Android as the most dominant force in the market of smart phones and tablets, it cannot be termed as a perfectly smooth sail and Android does face certain problems in form of vulnerabilities, competition, improvements. The updates are termed are tedious and when compared to other platforms they are belived to give the customers a tough time while upgrading to any latest version.To some people Android doesn’t invest into the customer awareness in case of the new releases and hence awareness and customer guidance is found missing in case of new versions being released . The issue of Malware poses a serious threat to the integrity of Android as the best platform for the smart phones and tablets, and recently Google had to withdraw couple of Applications from market due to the reason of malware induced .Google in this regard has setup security teams that look into the matters and make sure

Individual Report on Group Summit Essay Example for Free

Individual Report on Group Summit Essay Analyzing the process and group dynamics involved in the Summit Agenda, it can be argued that each one member contributed specific approaches to address specific tasks and responsibilities given. These then provided the necessary means to become valuable and effective not only in outlining specific tasks and processes but also allow the group to convey relevant information concerning the purpose of appreciative inquiry and how it relates to the educational realm and the professional expansion among educators. Looking at the division of responsibilities, the creation of the Summit work corresponds to three parts which are then given to each members of the team. Under each category, specific expectations are made for each person to pursue and obtain. Such capacity then gives the necessary ability to address the objectives and goals of the course and actively respond to the topic being discussed. Specifically, these activities look into areas of planning, delivering and reviewing of group work. Analyzing the contributions of Mahire, it can be seen that she was the one responsible for creating, designing, and implementing new strategies related to the process of appreciative inquiry. Here, it is essential to consider that careful study and research must be made in order to convey effective information and knowledge. In handling this responsibility, Mahire was very cohesive and targets every vital input necessary to complete specific goals. This then enabled the group to collaborate effectively and cater towards introducing important inputs relevant to the facilitation of what appreciative inquiry is and how it applies within the realm of educational enhancement and development. Due to this, a fair score of 34 points should be given because of the effort, leadership, and direction that Mahire has given to the group. On the other hand, Marlene handled the review part of the group project. Since she was in charge of this process, she had to make sure that the inputs, text, and other forms of information provided in the presentation are coherent with the given objectives in class. At the same time, considerable attention was also given to the manner the information is conveyed to viewers. This is rather relevant because it can help to encourage participation and induce appreciation of the content presented by the group. Due to this, Marlene showed a very meticulous eye over details and justified her role in the process of immersion and application of relevant concepts as well as its proper documentation and availability during the presentation. Due to this, she deserves a score of 33 due to her effort and willingness to go the extra mile despite seeing some problems with regards to the way she handles her work. Lastly, Aziz provided a fair contribution to different processes associated in the completion of the project. He has shown significant responses both as a leader and follower of specific tasks and responsibilities need to be made. It can be argued that I have given considerable inputs necessary to make this project viable and interesting for viewers. Under each category, like my group members, considerable attention was provided in outlining, processing and addressing each problem that may be involved. By having a significant background in the process of appreciative inquiry, it has provided the leverage to overcome specific challenges and recognize new potentials and goals related to the completion of the project. Thus, I consider giving myself 33 points because of the capacity to cooperate and collaborate towards completing the requirements of this specific project. In the end, the group was successful in fulfilling its objectives. Though there may have been disagreements and challenges in some areas, specific attention was given towards improving the capacity of addressing each one’s needs. Due to this, we were able to overcome these setbacks and focus on what is really important. That is why each one deserves credit for their contributions and actions.

The Impact of Ophelia on Shakespeares Hamlet Essay examples -- GCSE E

The Impact of Ophelia on Hamlet      Ã‚   Michael Pennington in â€Å"Ophelia: Madness Her Only Safe Haven,† elucidates the character of Ophelia in Shakespeare’s tragedy, Hamlet:    This is the woman she might have become – warm, tolerant and imaginative. Instead she becomes jagged, benighted and imaginative. . . .Ophelia is made mad not only by circumstance but by something in herself. A personality forced into such deep hiding that it has seemed almost vacant, has all the time been so painfully open to impressions that they now usurp her reflexes and take possession of her. She has loved, or been prepared to love, the wrong man; her father has brought disaster on himself, and she has no mother: she is terribly lonely. (73-74)    This essay hopes to touch on many aspects of Ophelia’s character as she is victimized by circumstances and characters around her.    The protagonist of the tragedy, Prince Hamlet, initially appears in the play dressed in solemn black, mourning the death of his father supposedly by snakebite while he was away at Wittenberg as a student. Hamlet laments the hasty remarriage of his mother to his father’s brother, an incestuous act; thus in his first soliloquy he cries out, â€Å"Frailty, thy name is woman!† Ophelia enters the play with her brother Laertes, who, in parting for school, bids her farewell and gives her advice regarding her relationship with Hamlet. Ophelia agrees to abide by the advice: â€Å"I shall the effect of this good lesson keep as watchman to my heart.† Thus Ophelia must initially bend her will to please her brother. After Laertes’ departure, Polonius inquires of Ophelia concerning the â€Å"private time† which Hamlet spends with her. He dismisses Hamlet’s overtures as â€Å"Affection, puh!... ...fe Haven.† Readings on Hamlet. Ed. Don Nardo. San Diego: Greenhaven Press, 1999. Rpt. from â€Å"Hamlet†: A User’s Guide. New York: Limelight Editions, 1996.    Pitt, Angela. â€Å"Women in Shakespeare’s Tragedies.† Readings on The Tragedies. Ed. Clarice Swisher. San Diego: Greenhaven Press, 1996. Excerpted from Shakespeare’s Women. N.p.: n.p., 1981.    Shakespeare, William. The Tragedy of Hamlet, Prince of Denmark. Massachusetts Institute of Technology. 1995. http://www.chemicool.com/Shakespeare/hamlet/full.html    Ward & Trent, et al. The Cambridge History of English and American Literature. New York: G.P. Putnam’s Sons, 1907–21; New York: Bartleby.com, 2000 http://www.bartleby.com/215/0816.html    Wilkie, Brian and James Hurt. â€Å"Shakespeare.† Literature of the Western World. Ed. Brian Wilkie and James Hurt. New York: Macmillan Publishing Co., 1992.

The Jump :: First Person Narrative Examples

Anxiety took over my body as I prepared to jump. The 80 foot waterfall looming atop Turner Falls seemed to be challenging me, beckoning me to come and attempt to plunge from the rock into the waterfall to try to endure the pressure as the water knocked me straight down into the deep waters and jagged rocks which awaited below. I waited with an eager excitement thinking that if I could take this plunge, I would really be able to swim with those I saw as the "big fish." Waiting on that rock I had no idea that the events following my wait would change that jump from being something I so much desired into something I would be grateful to never personally experience. Ahead of me in line were two brothers, one 14 years old and the other 17. They were both tall and thin with caramel colored skin. They had wiry black hair and dark brown eyes and continually chattered back and forth to each other and their many other brothers and sisters in Spanish. With an inability to swim, the brothers jumped in with nothing to aid them but faith that the waters would push them out into shallow safety. The two went under and a fanatic frenzy broke out when random bystanders watching on the sides realized that the boys were not coming up. The lifeguards began frantically blowing their whistles and screaming at everyone, "Get out of the water! Everybody! Out! Now!" With no knowledge of the severity of what was going on, I was almost in a state of confusion as I looked to the side and saw my mother screaming at me to get off the rock. Needless to say, I went to my mother and within seconds the water was empty, except for the two boys who lay below the surface. One brother was retrieved from the water in only a few moments, not smooth and with ease, as I expected from what I'd seen on television, but with severe difficulty, as if he was 1000 pounds of dead weight. The other was nowhere to be found. In a desperate search, the breathless and scared lifeguards came over to the crowd, which had formed aside the water. "Do we have any divers in the crowd? Please? Anybody with any experience at all please we need your help." After over 15 minutes of searching and scrambling, finally the second brother was pulled from the water from a spot directly under the waterfall, 19 feet beneath the surface.

Management of a Business †New Belgium Brewery Essay

Operations Management, Employee Ownership, and Leadership Provided by Management I would describe the operations management at New Belgium Brewing to be very well run. Founder, Jeff Lebesch, and co-founder, Kim Jordan, implemented an open-management system in 1996. This means that employees are directly involved in running the company. Employees are given training so that they understand how all of the financials of the New Belgian Brewery work. Kim believes that understanding the financials helps employees pay closer attention to them. Employee, Doug Miller says, â€Å"Once Kim and Jeff decided to let us all know where everything was going, it made it real important for us to keep count of every keg, any cases that are damaged. You know, it all adds up.† After a year of working for the company, each employee is given a share, and treated as a shareholder. Employees have a say in the overall direction of the company, and they work with the owners, rather than for them. This gives employees a vested interest in seeing the company progress further. The owners see all employee decisions and input as being very important to the success of the company. Chief Financial Officer, Jennifer V. Orgolini says, â€Å"How can you really care about the certain small things that are necessary to be done day in and day out if you don’t have a larger purpose behind them?† Since employees are shareholders, the more profit the company makes, the more their share is worth. This creates an environment of employee-owners that all want to work towards making the company as successful as possible. Employees all work at a similar level in separate, focused departments. Although, some departments needs to report certain things to other people and/or departments, no one in the company has more authority than anyone else. This is known as a decentralized organization, which means that everything is delegated as far down the chain of command as possible. Since employees to do not need to seek approval from managers, they can implement needed changes as quickly as possible. Overall, this system makes for happier, hardworking employees. Co-founder, Kim Jordan says, â€Å"I hear it a lot from customers, people who I’ll run into and say, ‘Wow, I was at your brewery and the vibe there is amazing. You can just tell that people really like being there.'† She also claims that, â€Å"I think that combination of happiness and extending yourself to have real relationships with people and being excellent here at New Belgium really creates a magical vibe.† Environmental Responsibility and Sustainability New Belgium has been working very hard over the last few years to be more environmentally responsible and sustainable. In 2008, the company was used about 158 MJ/hl in energy for the year. By 2011, they dropped that number down to 138 MJ/hl, and hope to drop it to 125 MJ/hl by 2018. The company has done all this by reducing their need for electricity. They have been investing in efficient equipment, installing heat exchangers, and designing their facilities with conservation in mind. In 2010, New Belgium installed a Smart Grid. A Smart Grid allows 2-way communication between the electricity provider and the company. The electricity provider can determine when New Belgium is running a non-essential function, and sends them a notice to turn it off. In January 2010, New Belgium installed solar panels on top of their packaging hall. It produces over 264,000 kWh each year and contributes to over 3% of the company’s total power supply. Both energy saving installations were partially funded by FortZED. New Belgium has an on-site Process Water Treatment Plant The Five Functions of Management The five functions of management are planning, organizing, staffing, directing, and controlling. Planning involves deciding what the company’s objectives are and how to accomplish them. Objectives are the desired end results determined by an organization, they derive from the organization’s mission. A mission describes a company’s fundamental purpose and basic philosophy. Meeting objectives involves three types of general plans – strategic, tactical, and operational. Strategic plans establish the long-range objectives of an organizations, as well as the overall strategy or course of action used to fulfill their missions. Strategic plans factor in four things, the organizations strengths and weaknesses, as well as potential opportunities and threats. Strengths are the things that a company does well or the characteristics that give it an important aptitude. Weaknesses are things that a company does poorly with, does not have, or areas where it is at a disadvantage. Opportunities are things found in the external environment of a company that could be beneficial, cause potential growth, or be a source of competitive advantage. Threats are also found in  the external environment, but hold the possibility of causing damage to a company. Tactical Plans are short range and designed to utilize the objectives of the strategic plan. They are meant to help keep the company on the course set in the strategic plan. Tactical plans allow an organization the ability to react to unpredictable changes in the environment, so they must be periodically reviewed and updated by management. Operational Plans are very short term plans that determine what specific work groups, individuals, or departments must accomplish to achieve the goal of a tactical plan. Another part of planning is crisis management or contingency planning. This area deals with potential disasters that a company may face. They may be natural disasters or disasters within the company. Some companies will have crisis management team who deal specifically with these problems, which allows managers to continue to focus on their regular duties. New Belgium Brewery’s strategic plan is to have happy employee-owners who enjoy their job and work very hard to make this company profitable. They have and are continuing to achieve this with their tactical plan of making employees into owners, training workers to be financially literate, and by allowing employees access to the books. Since employees are given a share of the company after one year, they are treated like shareholders. They work with the owners, who listen to and consider all employee input into the operations. Because employees are shareholders, they work hard to make the company as successful as possible. Organizing involves structuring resources and activities in a way that accomplishes objectives efficiently and effectively. Managers will review plans and determine what activities are needed for implementing them. Work will be divided into smaller units and assigned to specific departments, individuals, or groups. Most of the time work is organized into teams that handle core processes, rather than constructing around traditional departments, such as marketing and production. Organizing helps create synergy, which means the sum of the whole is greater than the sum of its parts. Organization also establishes lines of authority, improves communication, helps avoid reproduction of resources, and helps improve competitiveness by speeding up the decision making process. New Belgium Brewery is divided into departments that focus on certain areas of the company. However, unlike most businesses, the departments at New Belgium are not divided into a hierarchy of people with  more power and authority than those below them. The staff in each department work together at the same level and do not need to report to any managers. This gives employees the power to apply any needed changes in the company without waiting for the approval of a manager. Staffing involves hiring enough of and the right kind of people to carry out the work of the organization. Managers must determine what skills are needed for specific jobs and must recruit accordingly. Managers must determine how to motivate and train employees, how much to pay employees, what benefits should be provided, and how to prepare employees for potential higher-level jobs in the organization. Staffing also involves downsizing, which is the elimination of a large number of people from an organization. New Belgium focuses on hiring people who fit the culture of their company. Staff need to be willing to learn, willing to work hard, and need the people skills to get along with other people in the company. Also, New Belgium makes employees wait a year before giving them a share in their organization. This gives the owners time to make sure that an employee will fit well with their company and also tests their loyalty. Directing involves motivating and leading employees to achieve an organization’s objectives. Employers may motivate employees to do a good job with incentives, such as promotions or pay raises. However, most employees want more than money. Workers want to know that their ideas and input are of value to their employer. Smart managers know to involve their employees in company decision making processes as often as possible. This inclusion makes workers feel more important and better about their job, which greatly benefits the organization. New Belgium’s way of directing and motivating their employees is giving them shares in the company and making them employee-owners. Since staff are shareholders, they are a big part of decision making processes. Also, the incentive of owning a share in the company has employees trying to steer the company in a positive direction, so that they reap the benefits along with Jeff and Kim. Controlling involves evaluating and correcting the activities of an organization in order to keep them on course. This involves five activities: 1.Measuring performance 2.Comparing present performance with standards or objectives 3.Identifying deviations from the standards 4.Investigating the causes of deviations 5.Taking corrective action when necessary Controlling is closely related to planning. Planning establishes the goals and standards of an organization, controlling compares present performance with those goals and standards in order to determine whether or not performance is on target. When performance is not keeping up with the company’s expectations, employers must determine why that is and come up with a way to get back on track. Because employees at New Belgium do not have managers, and they all work at the same level, they can immediately implement any changes that may deviate the company from their desired course of action. Sources †¢http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=xPhypYaWHm8 †¢http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Water_reclamation †¢http://www.newbelgium.com/sustainability/Environmental-Metrics.aspx

Haymarket Riot

As result of the Industrial Revolution, people in America earned more money, most of which they used to open new businesses and factories. There were now many different types of machines to do the work that people had to do themselves in the past. Thus, machines rapidly replaced people. Now with less people working and getting paid, there were people that could afford what these factories were making. Most of the people working in the United States at this time were immigrants, so they were forced to work for very low wages. A working adult would be considered lucky to bring home a daily income of only $2. 00. Kids on the other hand, only made about 70 cents a day for spending their entire childhood sorting through coal or performing other strenuous jobs. Most people worked between ten and fourteen hours each day with peanuts for income. As result, Chicago Illinois, as well as many other cities in the United States, fell into poverty. However, not all employees at this time were cruel and blackhearted. Most at the time though just wanted to get the most out of their employees for the least amount of pay. Soon the Labor Union movement started. People in this union wanted to ban child labor, increase pay, and to create shorter workdays. Conflict after conflict broke out spawning from the Labor Union; many of which the police were brought in to settle. By 1886, the major concern of the Labor Union was to establish an eight-hour workday. By now there were several unions, all of which could not agree with one another on how to fight for this rightfully deserved demand. Finally, the Knights of Labor, who originated in Chicago, organized a nation wide strike. However, the newspapers, business leaders, and politicians didn t agree with these actions. They said, the new eight-hour workday would promote loafing, gambling, rioting, debauchery and drunkenness (Simon). Knowing that they would be fired, workers still stood up for what they believed in and followed through with the strike. On May1, 1886, the strike stared. More than 300,000 workers went on strike in nine different cities across the vast nation. One of these cities was Boston. However, only a few employers nation wide granted their employees the shorter workday. As result, the next two months were filled with the police, the strikers, and the scabs. Scabs were people who refused to go on strike with the rest of their coworkers. They acquired this name from the angry strikers. On May 3, 1886, more than 500 strikers met up with some scabs as they were leaving a plant in Chicago. The agitated mob blasted the scabs with sticks, rocks, and just about anything they could possible get their hands on. This continued until police arrived and eventually broke up the fight. August Spies then proceeded to organize a protest meeting in Haymarket Square. The strikers were told to be armed in case the police resorted to violence on them. The following day when Spies came to the meeting he spoke in front of about 1,200 people. Albert Parsons, along with Spies and other speakers, spoke of the McCormick riot, and the rights and the responsibilities of the American worker. Then as it began to rain, people slowly began to leave and head home. One of the many to leave was the mayor of the city, Charter H. Harrison. On the way home he stopped off at the police station to tell the officers on stand-by that they could go home because the protest was peaceful. About ten minutes later, two undercover agents came to the police station and said that there were some offensive things being said at the protest, and that the officers should go break it up. When the police arrived at Haymarket Square, some words as well as actions were shared between the strikers and the police. Before long, a bomb was anonymously thrown into the crowd of police. This was the first time a bomb like this was used in the United States. Quickly responding to the bomb, the police officers began to fire into the crowd of strikers and all hell broke loose. As result of the bomb, one police officer was killed instantly, and six others died within the next two weeks because of serious wounds. The following day the newspapers were loaded with headlines which accused Spies, Parsons, and Fielden of releasing this deadly bomb into the crowd. Some newspapers even said that the Haymarket riot, anarchists, and socialists were the reason for other disturbances around the country. They said that punishments should be dealt to Spies, Parsons and Fielden, because people of the United States were accusing them of murder. However, one newspaper reported that if the police hadn t raided the protest, there wouldn t have been a bomb thrown, because there wouldn t have been anything to spark the argument. Another newspaper, the Labor Enquirer, wrote in one of it s articles, twice as many honest men were murdered in coal mines as have been killed in Chicago, and there isn t any noise at all about it (americanhistory. com). Still other papers wrote that is working and living conditions were better, then none of this probably would have happened. Captain Michael J. Shaak was so outraged by the Haymarket riot that he arrested hundreds of people who attended the protest that day, or even the people who were suspected of being there. While making all these arrests, the captain discovered secret societies and bombs, on top of many other conspiracies. Without warrants, he continued his investigation by breaking into houses. Then he proceeded to beat and bribe people into saying that they were witnesses to what went on in the Haymarket Square. However, out of all these hundreds of people who were arrested, only eight people were brought to an actual trial. These eight people were August Spies, Albert Parsons, Samuel Fielden, Adolph Fisher, Michael Schwabb, Louis Lingg, Oscar Neebee, and George Engel. Horribly enough, only three out of these eight men were actually at Haymarket square when the riot broke out. On June 21, 1886, the trial for these eight men began. The defendants were said to be the underdogs because the jury was hand-picked by Judge Joseph E. Gary, who desperately wanted these men to be convicted of murder. Many people considered the defendants guilty, and these people wanted the men to face the same punishment as the people who lost their lives in the riot. In other words, they were wanted dead. Before the trial started, Judge Joseph E. Gary was quoted saying, those fellows are going to be hanged as certain as death (Encarta 99). The main attack by the defense during the trial was that the jury was prejudice. However, the judge simply overruled all these attempts made by the defense, and the unfair trial proceeded. During the trial, the state s attorney was allowed to ask whatever he wanted to. Also, the defense was not allowed to cross-examine the witnesses, who were mostly police men or false witnesses, in order to convict the men of the crime. As the trial proceeded, the police repedily showed bombs and referred to the men as anarchists. Even though there was no evidence to prove that the defendants knew anything about the bomb or who threw it, they were eventually convicted of murder. On the morning of August 20, the jury entered the courtroom with their verdict. Seven out of the eight men on trial were sentenced to death. Oscar Neebee was the only one who was sentenced to jail time. He received a whopping fifteen years in jail for a crime he did not even commit. However, he was the only one out of the eight men who was allowed to live. Some newspapers reported that these men were on trial only because of their political views. However, most people did not care to agree with these statements and controversy continues to brew. When the verdict was announced that dreadful morning, people outside the courtroom lit up with excitement and joy. Some were so happy that they were willing to award the jury with a cash bonus just for convicting the defendants. The only people that were sad over the verdict were the families of the defense, the lawyers, and of course the defendants themselves. The press then went on to say that the only bad thing about the whole trial was that the defendants were not able to appeal seeing as how they were sentenced to death. Appeal to the verdict was exactly what the defendants lawyers did. On March 13, 1887, six judges from the Illinois Supreme Court met in Ottawa to listen to the appeal. When the judges were done reviewing the case they admitted that it was a very unfair trial. However, they failed to do anything about it. The defense attorney, Mr. Black, then tried for an appeal at U. S. court headquarters, but they refused to even look at the case. Finally the defense went to their last resort, the governor of Illinois, to ask for a pardon. It was great timing by the defense because the public was beginning to feel sorry for the seven doomed men. Some people wrote to the governor stating that the only thing these men were guilty of was their opinion. Finally the governor decided to hold a hearing for these men. That day was filled with a lot of appeals and arguments. On November 11, 1887, the governor announced that there would be no pardon. However, now only four out of the eight men would be executed. It would have been five but Louis Lingg was found earlier that morning with half his head blown off. It was ruled a suicide. Michael Shwab and Samuel Fielden got their death sentences lessened to life in prison. So now Parsons, Spies, Fisher, and Engel would be put to death. Amazingly they accepted this sentence without any outrage or resistance. That same day, the four remaining men walked to their deathsite. As they were being prepared to be hanged, Spies bellowed out his last words which were, There will come a time when our silence will be more powerful than the voices you strangle today! Immediately after Parsons let out his final words, Will I be allowed to speak for men of America? Let the voice of the people be heard! But before they could all finish they were hanged. Their funeral was held at Waldheim Cemetery, and was attended by more than fifteen thousand people. Eventually what these courageous men fought for was granted. The eight men hour workday was established, and these eight men became known as heroes. After these men were killed, the governor of Illinois, John P. Altged, reviewed the case and issued a pardon for all eight men that were tried. He discovered that the jurors were unfair, what the judge did was illegal, and ultimately that all eight men were innocent. As result, the three men in jail, Feilden, Schwab, and Neebee, were all released from jail and acquitted of all charges. Still to this day, it is unknown who threw the bomb in Haymarket Square, and killed the policemen. We will probably never know who the actual bomber really was. However, there is now an international workers holiday on May 1, dedicated to what went down that day in Haymarket Square, which has now became known as the Haymarket Riot.

Aspirin Desensitisation On Asthma Health And Social Care Essay

Aspirin hypersensitivity is a non-direct immunological mediated allergic reaction. It is responsible for acetylsalicylic acid exacerbated airway disease ( AERD ) and can do asthma, rhinosinusituis, rhinal polyps, urtications and atrophedema. The mean prevalence of aspirin hypersensitivity is 2.5 % ( 2 ) Inhalant and unwritten corticoids are the chief lines of intervention for AERD. In add-on, leukotriene-modifying drugs have a function in the direction. Aspirin Desensitisation ( AD ) has to be used for handling such instances. AD means giving bit by bit increasing doses of acetylsalicylic acid by intranasal or unwritten path to construct tolerability for acetylsalicylic acid on AERD patients. AD should be done after corroborating these instances by aspirin challenge trials, i.e. intranasal or unwritten routes.. In this reappraisal, I will measure and rate of the available evidence-based informations for the value of aspirin desensitization on asthma and rhinosinusitis.Search methods:An electronic comprehensive literature hunt of databases ; Pub Med, Cochran ‘s database of systematic reappraisals Cochran controlled clinical tests registry, Evidence Based Medicine, Centre of grounds based medical specialty, Clinical tests registry, Databases of synthesized grounds: , American college of doctors, Evidence base on call, Med flower stalk and Goggle bookman. Keywords used: aspirin desensitization, aspirin desensitisation, rhinosinusitis, and asthma, grounds base guidelines of aspirin desensitization, cost effectivity and economic usage of aspirin desensitization.Consequences of the hunt:About 393 documents were relevant to aspirin desensitization.Methodology classifying and filtration of the consequences:Extras, non-human and non-English linguistic communication mentions were excluded. 122 documents were read. Some of documents were excluded because of ill-defined nonsubjective and result. The Left of 44 documents could be grounds the value of AD for direction of asthma and rhinosinusitis The ratings will be depending on: Diagnosis Efficacy and failure Safety Cost-effectiveness Other indicants The evaluation of strength of the grounds will be harmonizing to a new evaluation strategy of the Oxford Centre of Evidence-based Medicine ( CEBM ) .It is sorting the grounds to five degrees. ( 1 ) After size uping of the grounds, the evaluation would be: A- Diagnosis: EACCI/Ga2len Guidelines for aspirin aggravation trials for diagnosing of aspirin hypersensitivity2007 ( 2 ) ( European Academy of Allergy and Clinical Immunology/Global Allergy and Asthma European Network )B-Efficacy1-Efficacy of unwritten AD:-One Cochrane intercession protocol still ongoing. The rubric is †Aspirin desensitization therapy for aspirin-intolerant chronic rhinosinusitis † Sriram Vaidyanathan, Simon McKean, Brian J Lipworth Aspirin desensitization therapy for aspirin-intolerant chronic rhinosinusitis. Editorial group: Cochrane Ear Nose and Throat Disorders Group Publication position and day of the month: New, published in Issue 4, 2009. This protocol will measure the effectivity of different mobs of aspirin desensitization ( unwritten, inhaled or intranasal ) as a monotherapy or as an adjunctive therapy. It will measure subjective and nonsubjective parametric quantities of nasal and lower air passage map, quality of life and inauspicious event profiles. The group of survey is big patients with aspirin intolerant chronic rhinosinusitis, with or without attendant asthma. Personal communicating has been done, between me and Dr.Siram by electronic mail to roll up more information about the protocol. Dr.Siram rematchs by that the protocol still ongoing. -Five randomised controlled tests ( grounds II ) , one little retrospective, one prospective survey ( grounds III ) , Three systematic reappraisal of non-randomised tests ( grounds III ) , one cross over survey ( grounds III ) , 21 instance studies and instance series, literature reappraisals and adept sentiment and clinical experience ( grounds V ) . 2-Efficay of rhinal AD: Three prospective controlled tests ( grounds II ) 3-Failure: Three instance studies ( grounds V ) . D-Safety: One randomised trail ( grounds II ) three instance series ( grounds V ) . E-The Cost- effectivity: one retrospective ( grounds III ) . F-Other indicants: one instance series ( V )Discussion:Harmonizing to, Oral Aspirin aggravation challenge trials are recommended for diagnosing of acetylsalicylic acid induced asthma, rhinosinusitis and urtications. While, nasal and inhalants challenge aggravation trials should be performed to diagnosis upper and lower acetylsalicylic acid respiratory reactions. All challenge trials should be done by a well trained doctor in experient medical Centres ( 2 ) [ Evidence is EAACI/Ga2len guidelines ] Oral AD is an effectual, optional and alternate intervention in patients with ARED or other NSAID sensitiveness patients who require acetylsalicylic acid for other curative indicants. In add-on ; AD may change the class of the ARED. ( 3-24 ) . [ Evidence II randomised test, Evidence III systematic reappraisal, Evidence III one cross over survey. other mentions are Evidence V instance studies, clinical experience, literature reappraisal, adept sentiments ] Oral AD has an effectual and safe function in a patient with coronary arteria diseases undergoing intercession processs. ( 25 ) . [ Evidence V instance series ] Oral AD has a significance betterment in lessening fistula rednesss, need for fistula operations, and Numberss of hospitalized patients because of asthma ( 0.0001 ) . In add-on, the betterment is important in the anosmia, rhinal fistula symptoms, and asthma symptoms ( all P & A ; lt ; .03 ) ( 26 ) [ Evidence II randomised control ] Furthermore, Oral AD has a function in a decrease of unwritten and rhinal inhalant corticoid doses ( the chief curative drug for patients with AERD ) ( 8, 26-28 ) ) . [ Evidence V instance study, Evidence II, two Randomised Control trails ] . Oral AD lessening the opportunities of demand for extra surgical processs in patients with Samter ‘s three ( 29 ) [ Evidence III retrospective survey ] The betterment in AERD symptoms would be more significance with long term intervention with unwritten acetylsalicylic acid. ( 5, 27, 30-35 ) [ Evidence III systematic reappraisal, Evidence II randomised test, grounds V instance study ] and can be monitored by in vitro trials. ( 19 ) [ Evidence V instance study ] Oral AD is a safe and an effectual intervention with low aspirin dose. ( 17,33 ) [ Evidence V instance studies, Evidence III prospective survey ] and high dosage ( 650 milligram twice daily ) , every bit good ( 26 ) [ Evidence II Randomised test ] . Oral AD could be a cost effectual option for patients with cardiovascular diseases ( 36 ) [ Evidence III retrospective survey ] In malice of, the confirmed efficaciousness of unwritten AD, there are some of the failures ( 37-39 ) . Evidence V instance studies ] Most of the ide effects of AD were ggastrointestinal. ( 40 ) [ grounds III systematic reappraisal ] While, Intranasal AD ( IAD ) cut downing the volume of polyps ( 41 ) and has a significance betterment on the clinical manifestations of aspirin-sensitive rhinal polyps and at the microscopic degree, every bit good ( 28 ) . [ Evidence II Randomised Control trail ] In add-on ; IAD lowers the rate of rhinal polyp return ( 28, 42, 43 ) . Evidence III prospective control tests ] Future of AAD, is he endovenous path ( 44 ) [ Evidence instance study ] and it can be helpful before rapid desensitization of chemotherapy ( 45 ) [ Evidence V instance study ]DecisionEAACI/Ga2len in 2007 ( 2 ) gave guideline recommendations for aspirin challenge trials. Sing AD, there are small available-evidence, until now. Most of the available grounds surveies on AD are with a little figure of patients. Based on current available grounds unwritten AD is effectual, safe and alternate options for AERD patients, who is a positive acetylsalicylic acid aggravation trial. These patients require aspirin or NSAID for other wellness jobs. AD might be a cost effectual option for cardiovascular diseases. Intranasal AD is recommended in rhinosiunositis.Cardinal recommendations:More randomized multicentre controlled tests are needed on this topic. In add-on, more consciousness for physicians should be highlighted to mention aspirin allergic patients to clinicians who could pull off such instances by aspirin desensitization. Specialized Centres are required with extremely qualified staff.